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Freezing Point Depression

Q. An aqueous solution has a boiling point of 101.27oC. Determine the freezing point of this solution (the molal boiling point constant for water is 0.52oC kg/mole while the molal freezing point constant is 1.86oC kg/mole)

Solved • May 6, 2020

Mole Fraction

Q. A solution of isopropyl alcohol, C3H7OH, in water has a mole fraction of alcohol equal to 0.38. What is the weight per cent alcohol and the molality of the solution?

Solved • May 6, 2020

Weak Acid Strong Base Titrations

Q. Calculate the pH of a solution that results from the mixing of 25.00 ml of 0.028 M benzoic acid with 15.00 ml of 0.025 M NaOH ( the Ka for benzoic acid is 6.3 x 10-5)

Solved • May 6, 2020

Ksp

Q. Determine the pH needed to prevent precipitation in a 0.002 M solution of CoCl2 if the Ksp of Co(OH)2 is 9.2 x 10-15

Solved • May 6, 2020

Ksp

Q. Determine the molar solubility of Fe(OH)3 if its Ksp is 3.2 x 10-39 at a given temperature

Solved • May 6, 2020

Ksp

Q. What is the mass (in g) of silver nitrate (AgNO3) that can dissolve in 1.00 L of 0.10 M Na2CrO4solution? The solubility product for Ag2CrO4: Ksp = 1.2 X 10-12

Solved • May 6, 2020

Integrated Rate Law

Q. In the first order decomposition of N2H4 at 740 K, it is found that 18% of a sample has decomposed in 16.9 minutes. How long will it take for 50.0% of the sample to decompose?

Solved • May 6, 2020

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Ch.1 - Intro to General Chemistry
Classification of Matter The Scientific Method Filtration Standard Deviation, Mean, Median & Mode Physical & Chemical Changes Chemical Properties Temperature Scientific Notation Metric Prefixes Significant Figures Accuracy & Precision Types of Energy Dimensional Analysis Density
Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements
Subatomic Particles Isotopes Periodic Table: Classifications Mole Concept Atomic Theory Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube Experiment Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Mass Spectrometry Periodic table Charges (ignore) Calculating Molar Mass (ignore)
Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions
Empirical Formula Molecular Formula Molecular Models Combustion Analysis Polyatomic Ions Naming Ionic Compounds Naming Acids Naming Molecular Compounds Ionic and Covalent Compounds Balancing Chemical Equations Stoichiometry Limiting Reagent Percent Yield Mass Percent Functional Groups in Chemistry Theoretical Yield Limiting Reactant
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures
Distillation & Floatation Test for Ions and Gases
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions
Multiplication and Division Operations
Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Molarity Dilutions Solubility Rules Electrolytes Solution Stoichiometry Complete Ionic Equations Calculate Oxidation Numbers Redox Reactions Balancing Redox Reactions: Acidic Solutions Activity Series Types of Chemical Reactions Normality & Equivalent Weight Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Reactions Oxidation Number Net Ionic Equation
Ch.5 - Gases
Pressure Units The Ideal Gas Law Chemistry Gas Laws Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law Manometer Partial Pressure The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass The Ideal Gas Law: Density Gas Stoichiometry Collecting Gas Over Water Standard Temperature and Pressure Effusion Root Mean Square Speed Kinetic Energy of Gases Velocity Distributions Kinetic Molecular Theory Van der Waals Equation Boyle's Law Charles Law Ideal Gas Law
Ch.6 - Thermochemistry
Nature of Energy Internal Energy Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Thermochemical Equations Enthalpy of Formation Hess's Law Enthalpy
Ch.7 - Quantum Mechanics
Wavelength and Frequency The Energy of Light Electromagnetic Spectrum Photoelectric Effect Diffraction vs Refraction De Broglie Wavelength Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Bohr Model Bohr Equation Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Quantum Numbers: Nodes
Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
The Electron Configuration Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers Periodic Trend: Metallic Character Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity Periodic Trend: Effective Nuclear Charge Periodic Trend: Cumulative Atomic Radius Ionization Energy
Ch.9 - Bonding & Molecular Structure
Chemical Bonds Dipole Moment Octet Rule Formal Charge Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds Resonance Structures Bond Energy Lattice Energy Born Haber Cycle
Ch.10 - Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Electron Geometry Molecular Geometry (ignored) VSEPR Theory Bond Angles Hybridization Molecular Orbital Theory Delocalized Electrons MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Phase Diagram Heating and Cooling Curves Unit Cell Bragg Equation and Electron Diffraction Atomic, Ionic, and Molecular Solids Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
Ch.12 - Solutions
Solutions, Molarity and Intermolecular Forces Making Solutions Henry's Law Calculate Molarity Mass Percent Molality Mole Fraction ppm The Freezing Point Depression Boiling Point Elevation Freezing Point Depression The Colligative Properties
Ch.13 - Chemical Kinetics
Rate of Reaction Average Rate of Reaction Instantaneous Rate of Change Arrhenius Equation Energy Diagram Catalyst Reaction Mechanism Rate Law Integrated Rate Law Identifying Reaction Order Collision Theory
Ch.14 - Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Expressions ICE Chart Le Chatelier's Principle The Reaction Quotient
Ch.15 - Acid and Base Equilibrium
Identifying Acids and Bases Strong Acids and Strong Bases Arrhenius Acid and Base Bronsted Lowry Acid and Base Conjugate Acids and Bases Amphoteric Lewis Acid and Base pH and pOH Strong Acid-Base Calculations Weak Acids Weak Bases Ka and Kb Ionic Salts Diprotic Acid Polyprotic Acid
Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibrium
Buffer Henderson Hasselbalch Equation Acid and Base Titration Curves Weak Acid Strong Base Titrations Weak Base Strong Acid Titrations Equivalence Point Strong Acid Strong Base Titrations Titrations of Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids Acid Base Indicators Ksp Selective Precipitation Formation Constant
Ch. 17 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Spontaneous Reaction First Law of Thermodynamics Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics Entropy Boltzmann Equation Gibbs Free Energy
Ch.18 - Electrochemistry
Redox Reaction Balancing Redox Reaction The Nernst Equation Faraday's Constant Galvanic Cell Cell Notation Standard Hydrogen Electrode Cell Potential Nernst Equation Batteries and Electricity Electroplating Electrolysis of Water & Mixture of Ions
Ch.19 - Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Emission Electron Capture Positron Emission Band of Stability Magic Numbers First Order Half Life Nuclear Fission Mass Defect Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Transmutation
Ch.20 - Organic Chemistry
Introduction to Organic Chemistry Structural Formula Stereoisomers Chirality Optical Isomers The Alkyl Group Naming Alkanes Naming Alkenes Naming Alkynes Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Benzene Alkane Reactions Alkenes and Alkynes Functional Groups Alcohol Reactions Carboxylic Acid Derivative Reactions Polymer
Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals
Alkali Metals
Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Transition Metals Transition Metals Electron Configuration Oxidation States of Transition Metals Coordination Complexes Naming Coordination Compounds Coordination Isomers Crystal Field Theory Colors of Complex Ions