Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function Widmaier • 13th Edition • 9780073378305

Ch. 1 - Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology

Cells to Organ Systems

Ch. 2 - Chemical Composition of the Body

Fundamental Chemistry Chemical Reactions, Le Chatelier's Principle and Binding Equilibria Solutions and Solubility Acid-Base Chemistry Carbohydrates and Lipids Proteins I: Protein Structure Proteins II: Ligand Binding and Regulation of Function

Ch. 3 - Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

The Plasma Membrane Review of Physiologically-Relevant Organelles Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Thermodynamics for Physiology: The Energetics of (Bio)Chemical Reactions Enzymes and their Regulation Metabolism I: Overview Metabolism II: Glycolysis Metabolism III: Aerobic Metabolism Metabolism IV: Protein and Lipid Catabolism Metabolism V: Anabolism

Ch. 4 - Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Diffusion Osmosis: Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity Protein-Mediated Transport Vesicle-Based Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis Crossing an Epithelial Layer: The Trans- and Paracellular Pathway

Ch. 5 - Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Cell-to-Cell Connections and Messages Signal Transduction I: General Ideas Signal Transduction II: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Signal Transduction III: Other Transduction Pathways Signal Transduction IV: Details of the Gs, Gi, and Gq Transduction Pathways

Ch. 6 - Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System Electrical Signals in Neurons I: Membrane Potential Vocabulary Electrical Signals in Neurons II: Graded vs. Action Potentials Electrical Signals in Neurons III: Action Potentials Action Potential Propagation The Refractory Period Neuronal Cell-to-Cell Communication: Synaptic Transmission Synaptic Integration I: Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) Synaptic Integration II: Summation Common Neurotransmitters and Receptors Nervous System Organization Neuron Structure Neuron Classification Nerves Glial Cells Myelination The Resting Membrane Potential I: Forces and Ohm's Law The Resting Membrane Potential II: Development of a Membrane Potential The Resting Membrane Potential III: The Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equations The Brain-- Anatomy and Function The Spinal Cord Spinal Nerves-- Dermatomes and Myotomes Spinal Tracts-- Introduction to Ascending and Descending Pathways Brain Development Gray and White Matter Cranial Meninges Cerebrum Hemispheres Cerebrum Lobes Cerebrum Conncetions Cerebrum Functional Areas Cerebrum Nuclei Brain Ventricles Cerebrospinal Fluid Blood Brain Barrier Autonomic Nervous System: Divisions and Structure Overview of Reflexes Types of Reflexes Spinal Reflexes Parasympathetic Division Sympathetic Division Sympathetic Pathways Autonomic Plexuses

Ch. 7 - Sensory Physiology

General Principles of Sensation and Sensory Receptors The Somatic Senses Chemoreception I: Smell Chemoreception II: Taste The Ear: Hearing The Ear: Equilibrium The Eye and Vision

Ch. 9 - Muscle

Skeletal Muscle Cellular Anatomy-- Muscles to Sarcomeres Skeletal Muscle Contraction I: The Cellular Level Skeletal Muscle Contraction II: Tension and Length-Tension Curves Skeletal Muscle Contraction III: Summation and Tetanus Skeletal Muscle Contraction IV: Isotonic vs. Isometric Contractions Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle-- Fiber Types and Fatigue Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle--Skeletal Muscle Reflexes Smooth Muscle

Ch. 10 - Control of Body Movement

Ch. 11 - The Endocrine System

Basics of Hormone Function Hormone Classification and Mechanism of Action The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland The Adrenal Glands The Endocrine Pancreas The Thyroid Gland The Parathyroid Gland Pituitary Gland Anatomy Thyroid Gland Anatomy Adrenal Gland Anatomy Pineal Gland Anatomy Parathyroid Gland Anatomy Thymus Anatomy

Ch. 12 - Cardiovascular Physiology

Overview of the Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy Cardiac Muscle Action Potentials Cardiac Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling Cardiac Electrophysiology I: Nodal Fibers, Pacemaker Potentials, and Automaticity Cardiac Electrophysiology II: Electrical Conduction Pathways Electrocardiography I: Electrodes, Currents, and Leads Electrocardiography II: Interpreting an EKG The Cardiac Cycle I: Understanding the Valves The Cardiac Cycle II: Systole and Diastole The Cardiac Cycle III: Volumes in the Left Ventricle The Cardiac Cycle IV: Heart Sounds The Cardiac Cycle V: The Wiggers Diagram The Cardiac Cycle VI: The Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Cardiac Output I: Definitions Cardiac Output II: The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart Cardiac Output III: Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function Blood Pressure: Definitions and Measurement Capillary Exchange I: Diffusion Capillary Exchange II: Bulk Flow and the Starling Equation of Ultrafiltration Flow Around the Circulatory Loop Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure--the Baroreceptor Reflexes Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Pulmonary Circulation Blood Flow In and Out of the Heart Head and Neck Circulation Thoracic and Abdominal Circulation Gastrointestional Circulation Posterior Abdominal Circulation Upper Limb Circulation Lower Limb Circulation Blood Hemostasis-- The Clotting Cascade Blood Flow: Ohm's and Poiseuille's Laws The Blood Vessels

Ch. 13 - Respiratory Physiology

Anatomy and Organization of the Respiratory System Properties of the Lungs-- Compliance, Elasticity, Resistance, and Surface Tension Ventilation I: Boyle's Law Ventilation II: Mechanics of Inspiration and Expiration Lung Spirometry: Lung Volumes and Capacities Measuring Pressure of a Mixture of Gases-- Partial Pressures and Dalton's Law Total vs. Alveolar Ventilation and the Anatomic Dead Space Gas Exchange I: Diffusion in the Alveoli Gas Exchange II: Ventilation and Perfusion and V/Q Ratios Gas Transport in the Blood I: Oxygen and Hemoglobin Binding Gas Transport in the Blood II: Carbon Dioxide Regulation of Ventilation I: Neural Control of Respiratory Muscles Regulation of Ventilation II: Chemoreceptors and Effects of CO2, pH, O2 Nasal Cavity Anatomy Pharynx Anatomy Larynx Anatomy Trachea Anatomy Bronchial Tree Anatomy Respiratory Zone Lung Anatomy

Ch. 14 - The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

Anatomy of the Urinary System Basic Renal Processes The Glomerulus Reabsorption I: General Concepts of Reabsorption in the Kidney Reabsorption II: Reabsorption (and Secretion) in the Proximal Tubule Reabsorption III: The Loop of Henle Reabsorption IV: The Distal Tubule Reabsorption V: The Collecting Duct and Effects of ADH and Aldosterone Clearance-- Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow Kidney Anatomy Flow Into and Out of the Kidney Urinary Tract Body Fluid Compartments Disturbing Blood pH-- Sources of Acid and Base and Acidosis vs. Alkalosis Calculating Blood pH-- The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Causes of pH Disturbances-- Metabolic vs. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Controlling Blood pH I: Respiratory Compensation Controlling Blood pH II: Renal Compensation in the Proximal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Ch. 15 - The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Anatomy and Function of the Digestive System The Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins From Mouth to Stomach The Stomach The Digestive Accessory Organs I: The Liver and Gall Bladder The Digestive Accessory Organs II: The Exocrine Pancreas The Small Intestine I : Arrival at the Duodenum and Initiation of Pancreas/Gall Bladder Secretion The Small Intestine II: Digestion and Absorption of the Three Macronutrients The Small Intestine III: Motility The Large Intestine Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function GI Wall Oral Cavity Pharynx and Esophagus Stomach Detailed Anatomy Small Intestine Anatomy Large Intestine Anatomy Liver Anatomy Pancreas Anatomy Gallbladder Anatomy

Ch. 16 - Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Review of Metabolism-- Catabolic and Anabolic Processes Measuring Metabolism-- Basal Metabolic Rate and Respiratory Quotient Fed-State Metabolism and the Effects of Insulin Fasted-State Metabolism and the Effects of Glucagon Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Appetite and Satiety Body Temperature Regulation Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation I-- Bone Growth and Remodeling Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation II-- Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin

Ch. 17 - Reproduction

Review of Mitosis and Meiosis Male Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Male Reproduction II: Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis Female Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Female Reproduction II: Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis Female Reproduction III: The Menstrual Cycle Sex Determination and Differentiation-- Boy or Girl? Making Babies I: The Sexual Response and Sexual Intercourse Making Babies II: Fertilization Making Babies III: Early Development and Implantation Making Babies IV: Labor and Delivery (Parturition) Making Babies V: Lactation-- Feeding the Baby

Ch. 18 - The Immune System

Pathogens of the Human Body Anatomy of the Immune "System" Cells of the Immune System Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity I: Introduction to Lymphocytes Acquired Immunity II: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies Acquired Immunity III: The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation Acquired Immunity IV: T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated Responses