Tortora 15th Edition - Anatomy & Physiology Tutoring Videos

ISBN: 9781119329398
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Tortora (15th) Topics and Chapters that we cover

Ch. 1 - An Introduction to the Human Body

Cells to Organ Systems
Homeostasis and Feedback Control

Ch. 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Fundamental Chemistry
Chemical Reactions, Le Chatelier's Principle and Binding Equilibria
Solutions and Solubility
Acid-Base Chemistry
Carbohydrates and Lipids
Proteins I: Protein Structure
Proteins II: Ligand Binding and Regulation of Function
Enzymes and their Regulation

Ch. 3 - The Cellular Level of Organization

The Plasma Membrane
Review of Physiologically-Relevant Organelles
Diffusion
Osmosis: Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity
Protein-Mediated Transport
Vesicle-Based Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

Ch. 4 - The Tissue Level of Organization

Crossing an Epithelial Layer: The Trans- and Paracellular Pathway
Cell-to-Cell Connections and Messages
Body Fluid Compartments
Epithelial Tissues
Classifying Epithelial Tissues
Simple Epithelial Tissues
Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissues
Stratified Epithelial Tissues
Transitional Epithelial Tissues
Overview of Glands
Exocrine Gland Classifications
Connective Tissues
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Non-Embryonic Connective Tissue
Proper Loose Connective Tissue
Proper Dense Connective Tissue
Supporting Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Development and Modification of Tissue
Membranes

Ch. 5 - The Integumentary System

Integumentary System Overview
Epidermal Layers
Epidermal Variations
Dermal Layers
Subcutaneous Layer
Nails
Hair
Integumentary Glands

Ch. 6 - The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Bone Classifications
Anatomy of Bones
Bone Marrow
Bone Cells
Bone Matrix
Bone Formation and Resorption
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
Overview of Bone Formation
Endochondral Ossification
Bone Intramembraneous Ossification
Bone Remodeling
Bone Fractures and Repair

Ch. 7 - The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton

Bone Markings
Overview of the Skull
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Vomer Bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
Palatine Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Cranial Fossae
Skull Sutures
Sinuses
Anterior View of Skull
Posterior View of Skull
Superior View of Skull
Lateral View of Skull
Sagittal Sectional View of Skull
Inferior View of Skull
Associated Skull Bones
Vertebrae Types
Spinal Curvatures
Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum and Coccyx
Thoracic Cage

Ch. 8 - The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle
Upper Limb - Humerus
Upper Limb - Radius and Ulna
Wrist and Hand Bones
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb - Femur
Lower Limb - Tibia and Fibula
Ankle Bones
Foot Arches

Ch. 9 - Joints

Joint Classifications
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Levers
Synovial Joints and Movement
Temporomandibular Joint
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Ankle Joint

Ch. 10 - Muscular Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Cellular Anatomy-- Muscles to Sarcomeres
Skeletal Muscle Contraction I: The Cellular Level
Skeletal Muscle Contraction II: Tension and Length-Tension Curves
Skeletal Muscle Contraction III: Summation and Tetanus
Skeletal Muscle Contraction IV: Isotonic vs. Isometric Contractions
Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle-- Fiber Types and Fatigue
Smooth Muscle

Ch. 11 - The Muscular System

Muscle Origin and Insertion
Organization of Skeletal Fibers
Actions of Skeletal Muscles
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Facial Expression Muscles
Eye muscles
Oral Cavity and Pharynx Muscles
Anterior Neck and Hyoid Muscles
Movement of Head and Neck Muscles
Vertebral Column Muscles
Respiration Muscles
Abdominal Muscles
Pelvic Floor Muscles
Pectoral Girdle Muscles
Glenohumeral Joint Muscles
Elbow Joint Muscles
Extrinsic Wrist and Hand Muscles
Intrinsic Hand Muscles
Hip Joint Muscles
Knee Joint Muscles
Extrinsic Ankle and Foot Muscles
Intrinsic Foot Muscles
Review of Muscle Movement

Ch. 12 - Nervous Tissue

Nervous System Organization
Cells of the Nervous System
Neuron Structure
Neuron Classification
Glial Cells
Myelination
The Resting Membrane Potential I: Forces and Ohm's Law
The Resting Membrane Potential II: Development of a Membrane Potential
The Resting Membrane Potential III: The Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equations
Electrical Signals in Neurons I: Membrane Potential Vocabulary
Electrical Signals in Neurons II: Graded vs. Action Potentials
Electrical Signals in Neurons III: Action Potentials
Action Potential Propagation
The Refractory Period
Neuronal Cell-to-Cell Communication: Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic Integration I: Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs)
Synaptic Integration II: Summation
Common Neurotransmitters and Receptors

Ch. 13 - The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Anatomy and Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord Protection
Spinal Cord Gray and White Matter
Spinal Nerves-- Dermatomes and Myotomes
Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Intercostal Nerves
Lumbar Plexus
Sacral Plexus
Spinal Tracts-- Introduction to Ascending and Descending Pathways
Ascending Sensory Pathways
Descending Sensory Pathways
Overview of Reflexes
Types of Reflexes
Spinal Reflexes

Ch. 14 - The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Brain-- Anatomy and Function
Brain Development
Gray and White Matter
Brain Ventricles
Cranial Meninges
Blood Brain Barrier
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrum Hemispheres
Cerebrum Lateralization
Cerebrum Lobes
Cerebrum Conncetions
Cerebrum Functional Areas
Cerebrum Nuclei
Dicephalon Epithalmus
Dicephalon Thalamus
Dicephalon Hypothalamus
Brainstem Midbrain
Brainstem Pons
Brainstem Medulla Oblongata
Cerebelllum
Limbic System
Reticular Formation
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminial Nerve (CN V)
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Review of Cranial Nerves

Ch. 15 - The Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System: Divisions and Structure
Parasympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division
Sympathetic Pathways
Autonomic Plexuses

Ch. 16 - Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

General Principles of Sensation and Sensory Receptors
The Somatic Senses

Ch. 17 - The Special Senses

Chemoreception I: Smell
Chemoreception II: Taste
The Eye and Vision
Around the Eye
Eye Structure: Tunics
Eye Structure: Retina
Eye Structure: Lens
Eye Accessory Structures
The Ear: Hearing
The Ear: Equilibrium

Ch. 18 - The Endocrine System

Basics of Hormone Function
Hormone Classification and Mechanism of Action
Pituitary Gland Anatomy
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland Anatomy
The Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland Anatomy
The Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Gland Anatomy
The Adrenal Glands
The Endocrine Pancreas
Pineal Gland Anatomy
Thymus Anatomy

Ch. 19 - The Cardiovasculcar System: The Blood

Blood
Hemostasis-- The Clotting Cascade

Ch. 20 - The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Overview of the Cardiovascular System
Heart Anatomy
Detailed Heart Anatomy
Coronary Arteries
Coronary Veins
Development of the Heart
Cardiac Muscle Action Potentials
Cardiac Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Cardiac Electrophysiology I: Nodal Fibers, Pacemaker Potentials, and Automaticity
Cardiac Electrophysiology II: Electrical Conduction Pathways
Electrocardiography I: Electrodes, Currents, and Leads
Electrocardiography II: Interpreting an EKG
The Cardiac Cycle I: Understanding the Valves
The Cardiac Cycle II: Systole and Diastole
The Cardiac Cycle III: Volumes in the Left Ventricle
The Cardiac Cycle IV: Heart Sounds
The Cardiac Cycle V: The Wiggers Diagram
Cardiac Output I: Definitions
Cardiac Output II: The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart
Cardiac Output III: Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function

Ch. 21 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

Blood Flow: Ohm's and Poiseuille's Laws
The Blood Vessels
Structure of Vessels
Structure of Arteries
Structure of Capillaries
Structure of Veins
Blood Vessel Pathways
Blood Pressure: Definitions and Measurement
Flow Around the Circulatory Loop
Capillary Exchange I: Diffusion
Capillary Exchange II: Bulk Flow and the Starling Equation of Ultrafiltration
Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure--the Baroreceptor Reflexes
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood Flow In and Out of the Heart
Head and Neck Circulation
Thoracic and Abdominal Circulation
Gastrointestional Circulation
Posterior Abdominal Circulation
Upper Limb Circulation
Lower Limb Circulation

Ch. 22 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Primary Lymphatic Structures
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Nodules MALT and Tonsils
Pathogens of the Human Body
Anatomy of the Immune "System"
Cells of the Immune System
Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity I: Introduction to Lymphocytes
Acquired Immunity II: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
Acquired Immunity III: The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation
Acquired Immunity IV: T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated Responses

Ch. 23 - The Respiratory System

Anatomy and Organization of the Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity Anatomy
Pharynx Anatomy
Larynx Anatomy
Trachea Anatomy
Bronchial Tree Anatomy
Respiratory Zone
Lung Anatomy
Properties of the Lungs-- Compliance, Elasticity, Resistance, and Surface Tension
Ventilation I: Boyle's Law
Ventilation II: Mechanics of Inspiration and Expiration
Lung Spirometry: Lung Volumes and Capacities
Measuring Pressure of a Mixture of Gases-- Partial Pressures and Dalton's Law
Total vs. Alveolar Ventilation and the Anatomic Dead Space
Gas Exchange I: Diffusion in the Alveoli
Gas Exchange II: Ventilation and Perfusion and V/Q Ratios
Gas Transport in the Blood I: Oxygen and Hemoglobin Binding
Gas Transport in the Blood II: Carbon Dioxide
Regulation of Ventilation I: Neural Control of Respiratory Muscles
Regulation of Ventilation II: Chemoreceptors and Effects of CO2, pH, O2

Ch. 24 - The Digestive System

Anatomy and Function of the Digestive System
GI Wall
Oral Cavity
Pharynx and Esophagus
Stomach Detailed Anatomy
Small Intestine Anatomy
Large Intestine Anatomy
Liver Anatomy
Pancreas Anatomy
Gallbladder Anatomy
The Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
From Mouth to Stomach
The Stomach
The Digestive Accessory Organs I: The Liver and Gall Bladder
The Digestive Accessory Organs II: The Exocrine Pancreas
The Small Intestine I : Arrival at the Duodenum and Initiation of Pancreas/Gall Bladder Secretion
The Small Intestine II: Digestion and Absorption of the Three Macronutrients
The Small Intestine III: Motility
The Large Intestine
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function

Ch. 25 - Metabolism and Nutrition

Thermodynamics for Physiology: The Energetics of (Bio)Chemical Reactions
Metabolism I: Overview
Metabolism II: Glycolysis
Metabolism III: Aerobic Metabolism
Metabolism IV: Protein and Lipid Catabolism
Metabolism V: Anabolism
Review of Metabolism-- Catabolic and Anabolic Processes
Measuring Metabolism-- Basal Metabolic Rate and Respiratory Quotient
Fed-State Metabolism and the Effects of Insulin
Fasted-State Metabolism and the Effects of Glucagon
Appetite and Satiety
Body Temperature Regulation

Ch. 26 - The Urinary System

Anatomy of the Urinary System
Kidney Anatomy
Flow Into and Out of the Kidney
Basic Renal Processes
The Glomerulus
Reabsorption I: General Concepts of Reabsorption in the Kidney
Reabsorption II: Reabsorption (and Secretion) in the Proximal Tubule
Reabsorption III: The Loop of Henle
Reabsorption IV: The Distal Tubule
Reabsorption V: The Collecting Duct and Effects of ADH and Aldosterone
Clearance-- Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow
Urinary Tract

Ch. 27 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Body Fluid Compartments
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Disturbing Blood pH-- Sources of Acid and Base and Acidosis vs. Alkalosis
Calculating Blood pH-- The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Causes of pH Disturbances-- Metabolic vs. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Controlling Blood pH I: Respiratory Compensation
Controlling Blood pH II: Renal Compensation in the Proximal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation I-- Bone Growth and Remodeling
Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation II-- Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin

Ch. 28 - The Reproductive Systems

Review of Mitosis and Meiosis
Male Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Scrotum and Testes Anatomy
Male Reproductive Ducts
Male Accessory Glands
Penis Anatomy
Male Reproduction II: Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis
Female Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries Anatomy
Uterine Tube Anatomy
Uterus Anatomy
Vagina Anatomy
External Female Genitalia
Mammary Glands Anatomy
Female Reproduction II: Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis
Female Reproduction III: The Menstrual Cycle

Ch. 29 - Development and Inheritance

Sex Determination and Differentiation-- Boy or Girl?
Making Babies I: The Sexual Response and Sexual Intercourse
Making Babies II: Fertilization
Making Babies III: Early Development and Implantation
Making Babies IV: Labor and Delivery (Parturition)
Making Babies V: Lactation-- Feeding the Baby