Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems Sherwood • 8th Edition • 9781133708537

Ch. 1 - Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cells to Organ Systems Homeostasis and Feedback Control

Ch. 2 - Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane Review of Physiologically-Relevant Organelles Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Cell-to-Cell Connections and Messages Metabolism I: Overview Metabolism II: Glycolysis Metabolism III: Aerobic Metabolism Metabolism IV: Protein and Lipid Catabolism Metabolism V: Anabolism

Ch. 3 - The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Plasma Membrane Cell-to-Cell Connections and Messages Diffusion Osmosis: Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity Protein-Mediated Transport Vesicle-Based Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis The Resting Membrane Potential I: Forces and Ohm's Law The Resting Membrane Potential II: Development of a Membrane Potential The Resting Membrane Potential III: The Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equations

Ch. 4 - Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Signal Transduction I: General Ideas Signal Transduction II: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Signal Transduction III: Other Transduction Pathways Signal Transduction IV: Details of the Gs, Gi, and Gq Transduction Pathways Basics of Hormone Function Hormone Classification and Mechanism of Action

Ch. 5 - The Central Nervous System

The Brain-- Anatomy and Function The Spinal Cord Spinal Nerves-- Dermatomes and Myotomes Spinal Tracts-- Introduction to Ascending and Descending Pathways Brain Development Gray and White Matter Cranial Meninges Cerebrum Hemispheres Cerebrum Lobes Cerebrum Conncetions Cerebrum Functional Areas Cerebrum Nuclei Brain Ventricles Cerebrospinal Fluid Blood Brain Barrier

Ch. 6 - The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

General Principles of Sensation and Sensory Receptors The Somatic Senses Chemoreception I: Smell Chemoreception II: Taste The Ear: Hearing The Ear: Equilibrium The Eye and Vision

Ch. 7 - The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Autonomic Nervous System: Divisions and Structure Overview of Reflexes Types of Reflexes Spinal Reflexes Parasympathetic Division Sympathetic Division Sympathetic Pathways Autonomic Plexuses

Ch. 8 - Muscle Physiology

Skeletal Muscle Cellular Anatomy-- Muscles to Sarcomeres Skeletal Muscle Contraction I: The Cellular Level Skeletal Muscle Contraction II: Tension and Length-Tension Curves Skeletal Muscle Contraction III: Summation and Tetanus Skeletal Muscle Contraction IV: Isotonic vs. Isometric Contractions Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle-- Fiber Types and Fatigue Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle--Skeletal Muscle Reflexes Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle--Skeletal Muscle Reflexes Smooth Muscle

Ch. 9 - Cardiac Physiology

Overview of the Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy Cardiac Muscle Action Potentials Cardiac Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling Cardiac Electrophysiology I: Nodal Fibers, Pacemaker Potentials, and Automaticity Cardiac Electrophysiology II: Electrical Conduction Pathways Electrocardiography I: Electrodes, Currents, and Leads Electrocardiography II: Interpreting an EKG The Cardiac Cycle I: Understanding the Valves The Cardiac Cycle II: Systole and Diastole The Cardiac Cycle III: Volumes in the Left Ventricle The Cardiac Cycle IV: Heart Sounds The Cardiac Cycle V: The Wiggers Diagram The Cardiac Cycle VI: The Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Cardiac Output I: Definitions Cardiac Output II: The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart Cardiac Output III: Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function

Ch. 10 - The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure: Definitions and Measurement Capillary Exchange I: Diffusion Capillary Exchange II: Bulk Flow and the Starling Equation of Ultrafiltration Flow Around the Circulatory Loop Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure--the Baroreceptor Reflexes Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Pulmonary Circulation Blood Flow In and Out of the Heart Head and Neck Circulation Thoracic and Abdominal Circulation Gastrointestional Circulation Posterior Abdominal Circulation Upper Limb Circulation Lower Limb Circulation

Ch. 11 - The Blood

Blood Hemostasis-- The Clotting Cascade Blood Flow: Ohm's and Poiseuille's Laws The Blood Vessels

Ch. 12 - Body Defenses

Pathogens of the Human Body Anatomy of the Immune "System" Cells of the Immune System Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity I: Introduction to Lymphocytes Acquired Immunity II: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies Acquired Immunity III: The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation Acquired Immunity IV: T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated Responses

Ch. 13 - The Respiratory System

Anatomy and Organization of the Respiratory System Properties of the Lungs-- Compliance, Elasticity, Resistance, and Surface Tension Ventilation I: Boyle's Law Ventilation II: Mechanics of Inspiration and Expiration Lung Spirometry: Lung Volumes and Capacities Measuring Pressure of a Mixture of Gases-- Partial Pressures and Dalton's Law Total vs. Alveolar Ventilation and the Anatomic Dead Space Gas Exchange I: Diffusion in the Alveoli Gas Exchange II: Ventilation and Perfusion and V/Q Ratios Gas Transport in the Blood I: Oxygen and Hemoglobin Binding Gas Transport in the Blood II: Carbon Dioxide Regulation of Ventilation I: Neural Control of Respiratory Muscles Regulation of Ventilation II: Chemoreceptors and Effects of CO2, pH, O2 Nasal Cavity Anatomy Pharynx Anatomy Larynx Anatomy Trachea Anatomy Bronchial Tree Anatomy Respiratory Zone Lung Anatomy

Ch. 14 - The Urinary System

Anatomy of the Urinary System Basic Renal Processes The Glomerulus Reabsorption I: General Concepts of Reabsorption in the Kidney Reabsorption II: Reabsorption (and Secretion) in the Proximal Tubule Reabsorption III: The Loop of Henle Reabsorption IV: The Distal Tubule Reabsorption V: The Collecting Duct and Effects of ADH and Aldosterone Clearance-- Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow Kidney Anatomy Flow Into and Out of the Kidney Urinary Tract

Ch. 15 - Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Body Fluid Compartments Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone Disturbing Blood pH-- Sources of Acid and Base and Acidosis vs. Alkalosis Calculating Blood pH-- The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Causes of pH Disturbances-- Metabolic vs. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Controlling Blood pH I: Respiratory Compensation Controlling Blood pH II: Renal Compensation in the Proximal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Ch. 16 - The Digestive System

Anatomy and Function of the Digestive System The Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins From Mouth to Stomach The Stomach The Digestive Accessory Organs I: The Liver and Gall Bladder The Digestive Accessory Organs II: The Exocrine Pancreas The Small Intestine I : Arrival at the Duodenum and Initiation of Pancreas/Gall Bladder Secretion The Small Intestine II: Digestion and Absorption of the Three Macronutrients The Small Intestine III: Motility The Large Intestine Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function GI Wall Oral Cavity Pharynx and Esophagus Stomach Detailed Anatomy Small Intestine Anatomy Large Intestine Anatomy Liver Anatomy Pancreas Anatomy Gallbladder Anatomy

Ch. 17 - Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Review of Metabolism-- Catabolic and Anabolic Processes Measuring Metabolism-- Basal Metabolic Rate and Respiratory Quotient Fed-State Metabolism and the Effects of Insulin Fasted-State Metabolism and the Effects of Glucagon Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Appetite and Satiety Body Temperature Regulation Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation I-- Bone Growth and Remodeling Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation II-- Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin

Ch. 18 - Principles of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland The Adrenal Glands The Endocrine Pancreas The Thyroid Gland The Parathyroid Gland

Ch. 19 - The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Pituitary Gland Anatomy Thyroid Gland Anatomy Adrenal Gland Anatomy Pineal Gland Anatomy Parathyroid Gland Anatomy Thymus Anatomy

Ch. 20 - The Reproductive System

Review of Mitosis and Meiosis Male Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Male Reproduction II: Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis Female Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Female Reproduction II: Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis Female Reproduction III: The Menstrual Cycle Sex Determination and Differentiation-- Boy or Girl? Making Babies I: The Sexual Response and Sexual Intercourse Making Babies II: Fertilization Making Babies III: Early Development and Implantation Making Babies IV: Labor and Delivery (Parturition) Making Babies V: Lactation-- Feeding the Baby