Anatomy of the Urinary System

Practice: A cystoscopy is a medical procedure wherein a physician inserts a camera and scope through the external genitals into the bladder to examine the internal bladder wall. Through which of the following structures does the camera travel to get from the outside to the bladder?

Practice: Using a micropipette and some outstanding surgical precision, a cannula is inserted into an individual nephron at the tip of the loop of Henle. Fluorescent dye in infused into the filtrate inside the nephron through the cannula and flows with the filtrate (but not “backwards”). In which of the following parts of the nephron will the fluorescent dye be found? (Choose all that apply.)

Practice: Caffeine causes an increase in urinary output because it causes a change in the radius of the blood vessels that directly supply blood to, and take blood away from, each individual nephron. Which of the following blood vessels are affected by caffeine? (Choose all that apply.)