What is Organic Chemistry? - Tutoring Videos for Orgo

Organic Chemistry Topics that we cover

Ch. 1 - A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Atomic Structure

Wave Function

Molecular Orbitals

Sigma and Pi Bonds

Octet Rule

Bonding Preferences

Formal Charges

Skeletal Structure

Lewis Structure

Condensed Structural Formula

Degrees of Unsaturation

Isomer

Constitutional Isomers

Resonance Structures

Hybridization

Molecular Geometry

Electronegativity

Polar Vs. Nonpolar

Covalent Bond

Polar Bond

Ch. 2 - Molecular Representations

Intermolecular Forces

London Dispersion Force

Van Der Waals

How To Determine Solubility

Functional Groups

Carbonyl

Amine

Amide

Ch. 3 - Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Reaction Mechanism

Acids and Bases

Give the conjugate acid for each compound below

Equilibrium Constant

pKa

Acid Base Equilibrium

Ranking Acidity

Lewis Acids and Bases

Ch. 4 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Alkyl Groups

Alkyl

t-Butyl, sec-Butyl, isobutyl, n-butyl

Naming Cycloalkanes

Naming Bicyclic Compounds

Naming Alkyl Halides

Naming Alkenes

Naming Alcohols

Naming Amines

Cis vs Trans

Conformational Isomers

Newman Projections

Drawing Newman Projections

Barrier To Rotation

Ring Strain

Axial vs Equatorial

Cis vs Trans Conformations

Equatorial Preference

Chair Flip

Calculating Energy Difference Between Chair Conformations

A-Values

Decalin

Ch. 5 - Chirality

Constitutional Isomers vs. Stereoisomers

Chirality

Test 1: Plane of Symmetry

Test 2: Stereocenter Test

R and S Configuration

Enantiomers vs. Diastereomers

Atropisomers

Meso Compound

Test 3: Disubstituted Cycloalkanes

What is the Relationship Between Isomers?

Fischer Projection

Racemic Mixture

Optical Activity

Non-Carbon Chiral Centers

Achiral

Ch. 6 - Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

Gibbs Free Energy

Enthalpy

Entropy

Hammond Postulate

Hyperconjugation

Carbocation Stability

Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability

Ch. 7 - Substitution Reactions

Alkyl Halide

Nucleophilic Substitution

Good Leaving Groups

SN2 Reaction

SN1 reaction

Substitution Comparison

Ch. 8 - Elimination Reactions

E2 Mechanism

Beta Hydrogen

E1 Reaction

Solvents

Leaving Groups and Nucleophiles

SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Chart (Big Daddy Flowchart)

Ch. 9 - Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkene Stability

Zaitsev Rule

Dehydrohalogenation

Double Elimination

Acetylide

Hydrogenation of Alkynes

Dehydration Reaction

POCl3 Dehydration

Alkynide Multistep Synthesis

Ch. 10 - Addition Reactions

Addition Reaction

Markovnikov

Hydrohalogenation

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Oxymercuration

Hydroboration

Hydrogenation

Halogenation

Halohydrin

Carbene

Epoxidation

Epoxide Reactions

Dihydroxylation

Ozonolysis

Oxidative Cleavage

Alkyne Oxidative Cleavage

Alkyne Addition

Ch. 11 - Radical Reactions

Radical Reaction

Radical Stability

Free Radical Halogenation

Radical Selectivity

Calculating Radical Yields

Anti Markovnikov Addition of Br

Free Radical Polymerization

Allylic Bromination

Radical Multistep Synthesis

Ch. 12 - Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols

Hydroxyl Group

Alcohol Nomenclature

Naming Ethers

Naming Epoxides

Naming Thiols

Alcohol Synthesis

Leaving Group Conversion

Williamson Ether Synthesis

Ether Cleavage

Alcohol Protecting Groups

Sharpless Epoxidation

Thiol Reactions

Sulfide Oxidation

Ch. 13 - Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Oxidizing Agent

Reducing Agent

LiAlH4

Nucleophilic Addition

Preparation of Organometallics

Grignard Reaction

Alcohol Protecting Groups

Organometallic Cumulative Practice

Ch. 14 - Synthetic Techniques

Synthetic Cheatsheet

Moving Functionality

Alkynide Alkylation

Alkane Halogenation

Retrosynthesis

Ch. 15 - Analytical Techniques: IR, NMR, Mass Spect

Purpose of Analytical Techniques

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Table

IR Spect: Drawing Spectra

IR Spect: Extra Practice

NMR Spectroscopy

1H NMR: Number of Signals

H NMR Table

NMR Splitting

NMR Integration

NMR Practice

Carbon NMR

Structure Determination without Mass Spect

Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spect: Fragmentation

Mass Spect: Isotopes

Ch. 16 - Conjugated Systems

Diene

Conjugation Chemistry

Stability of Conjugated Intermediates

Allylic Halogenation

Conjugated Hydrohalogenation (1,2 vs 1,4 addition)

Diels-Alder Reaction

Molecular Orbital Theory

Drawing Atomic Orbitals

Drawing Molecular Orbitals

HOMO LUMO

Orbital Diagram: 3-atoms- Allylic Ions

Orbital Diagram: 4-atoms- 1,3-butadiene

Orbital Diagram: 5-atoms- Allylic Ions

Orbital Diagram: 6-atoms- 1,3,5-hexatriene

Orbital Diagram: Excited States

Pericyclic Reaction

Thermal Cycloaddition Reactions

Photochemical Cycloaddition Reactions

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions

Cumulative Electrocyclic Problems

Sigmatropic Rearrangement

Cope Rearrangement

Claisen Rearrangement

Ch. 17 - Aromaticity

Aromaticity

Huckel's Rule

Pi Electrons

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Annulene

Aromatic Heterocycles

Frost Circle

Naming Benzene Rings

Acidity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Basicity of Aromatic Heterocycles

Ionization of Aromatics

Ch. 18 - Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Benzene Reactions

EAS: Generating Electrophiles

Electron Withdrawing Groups

EAS: Ortho vs. Para Positions

Acylation of Aniline

Limitations of Friedel-Crafts Alkyation

Advantages of Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Blocking Groups - Sulfonic Acid

EAS: Synergistic and Competitive Groups

Side-Chain Halogenation

Side-Chain Oxidation

Birch Reduction

EAS: Sequence Groups

EAS: Retrosynthesis

Diazo Replacement Reactions

Diazo Sequence Groups

Diazo Retrosynthesis

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

Benzyne

Ch. 19 - Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Aldehydes

Naming Ketones

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Oxidation of Alcohols

Ozonolysis

DIBAL

Alkyne Hydration

Nucleophilic Addition

Cyanohydrin

Organometallics on Ketones

Overview of Nucleophilic Addition of Solvents

Hydrates

Hemiacetal

Acetal

Acetal and Hemiacetal

Acetal Protecting Group

Thioacetal

Imine vs Enamine

Addition of Amine Derivatives

Wolff Kishner Reduction

mCPBA

Acid Chloride to Ketone

Nitrile to Ketone

Wittig Reaction

Ketone and Aldehyde Synthesis Reactions

Ch. 20 - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

Ester

Naming Esters

Naming Nitriles

Acid Chloride Nomenclature

Naming Anhydrides

Naming Amides

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

Carboxylic Acid to Acid Chloride

Fischer Esterification (Simplified)

Fischer Esterification

Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis

Saponification

Transesterification

Lactones, Lactams and Cyclization Reactions

Organometallics on Carboxylates

Carbonation of Grignard Reagents

Decarboxylation Mechanism

Ch. 21 - Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon

Tautomerization

Tautomers of Dicarbonyl Compounds

Enolate

Electrophilic Alpha-Halogenations

Overview of Alpha-Alkylations and Acylations

Enolate Alkylation and Acylation

Enamine Alkylation and Acylation

Beta-Dicarbonyl Synthesis Pathway

Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Malonic Ester Synthesis

Ch. 22 - Condensation Chemistry

Condensation Reactions

Aldol Condensation

Directed Condensations

Crossed Aldol Condensation

Claisen-Schmidt Condensation

Claisen Condensation

Intramolecular Aldol Condensation

Conjugate Addition

Michael Addition

Robinson Annulation

Hydrolysis

Ch. 23 - Amines

Amine Alkylation

Gabriel Synthesis

Amines by Reduction

Nitrogenous Nucleophiles

Reductive Amination

Curtius Rearrangement

Hofmann Rearrangement

Hofmann Elimination

Cope Elimination

Ch. 24 - Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides - D and L Isomerism

Monosaccharides - Drawing Fischer Projections

Monosaccharides - Common Structures

Monosaccharides - Forming Cyclic Hemiacetals

Monosaccharides - Cyclization

Monosaccharides - Haworth Projections

Mutarotation

Epimerization

Monosaccharides - Aldose-Ketose Rearrangement

Monosaccharides - Alkylation

Monosaccharides - Acylation

Glycoside

Monosaccharides - N-Glycosides

Monosaccharides - Reduction (Alditols)

Monosaccharides - Weak Oxidation (Aldonic Acid)

Reducing Sugars

Monosaccharides - Strong Oxidation (Aldaric Acid)

Monosaccharides - Oxidative Cleavage

Monosaccharides - Osazones

Monosaccharides - Kiliani-Fischer

Monosaccharides - Wohl Degradation

Monosaccharides - Ruff Degradation

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Ch. 25 - Phenols

Phenol Acidity

Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Proteins and Amino Acids

L and D Amino Acids

Polar Amino Acids

Amino Acid Chart

Peptide Bond

Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids

Isoelectric Point

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