Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
On a tight schedule?
Get a 10 bullets summary of the topic
1
concept
Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth
Video duration:
2m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to begin our lesson on the nutritional factors of microbial growth. And so scientists typically classify organisms into different groups based on three nutritional factors that we have numbered down below one through three, and those are the energy source, the electron source and the carbon source. Now really quickly noticed down below, we're showing you our map of the lesson, moving forward on the nutritional factors of microbial growth and notice that each of these numbers that we have up above and in the tax corresponds with the numbers that we have down below and the image Now in terms of the energy source, this is referring to the consumed energy source for powering metabolic pathways. And in terms of the energy source, scientists will group organisms either as photo troughs or as chemo troughs. Now, later in our course, in a different video will define photo troughs and chemo troughs. But for now, you should just know that the energy source is going to classify organisms either as photo trough or as chemo troughs. Then in terms of the electron source, this is referring to the original molecule supplying electrons to the electron transport chain or the E. T. C. For short. And so in terms of the electron source, scientists will classify organisms either as little troughs or as organa troughs. And so once again later in our courts in a different video will define what little troughs and organa troughs are. But for now, what you should know is that the electron sources going to classify organisms either as little troughs or organa troughs depending on what the molecule supplying the electrons is. Then the carbon sources, referring to the original carbon based molecule that of course is going to supply carbon for creating other cell components. And so in terms of the carbon source, scientists will classify organisms either as autotrophs or as hetero tropes. And once again, we'll be able to define what these autotrophs and hetero tropes are more in our future videos. But for now, this year concludes our brief introduction to the nutritional factors of microbial growth. And as we move forward in our course, we're going to cover the energy source first and more detail, and then we'll talk about the electron source and more detail and then last but not least. We'll talk about the carbon source and more detail. And so I'll see you all in our next video.
2
concept
Energy Source:Phototrophs vs. Chemotrophs
Video duration:
2m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to talk more about the nutritional energy source of microorganisms and how scientists can classify organisms either as photo troughs or as chemo troughs depending on their energy source. And so organisms can be classified into two groups based on their energy source. So the first group are going to be the photo troughs and photo troughs are going to be organisms that obtain their energy directly from sunlight. And that's because the root photo is a route that means light. Now chemo troughs, on the other hand, as their names somewhat implies, are going to be organisms that obtain their energy directly from chemical compounds that they must obtain from their environments. And so if we take a look at our image down below, on the left hand side over here, what we're showing you our photo trophies and photo troves obtain their energy from the light, the solar energy, sunlight. And so notice here we have the sun and the solar energy radiating down here and here we have our photo trove which is going to be soaking up the sun and obtaining its energy directly from the sun. Now the chemo trophies, on the other hand, are going to be getting their energy directly from chemicals, chemical compounds. And so they have chemical energy such as glucose, for example, is an example of chemical energy. And so notice over here we have a chemo trough that's saying look at all this energy and it's coming from these chemical compounds rather than coming directly from sunlight. And so this year concludes our brief introduction to the energy source and photo troughs and chemo troughs. And we'll be able to get some more practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video.
3
Problem
Problem
The prefix photo- indicates that an organism will make use of _______ for energy purposes.
A
Chemicals.
B
Organics.
C
Light.
D
Inorganics
4
concept
Electron Source:Lithotrophs vs. Organotrophs
Video duration:
3m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to talk more about the nutritional electron source of microorganisms and how scientists can classify organisms either as lift a trophy or as organa tropes based on their electron source. And so organisms can be categorized into two groups based on their electron source. And recall from our previous lesson videos that the electron sources referring to the original molecule that supplies electrons to the electron transport chain or the E. T. C. For short. And so these two groups that are that these organisms can be classified into our the little troops or the Organa troops. Now the lift a tropes are going to be organisms that supply their electron transport chain with electrons from reduced in organic molecules. And so in organic molecules are going to be molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen, such as for example, water and iron neither contain carbon and hydrogen. And so they are in organic molecules. And so many times these inorganic molecules are going to be found in non living substances such as rocks. And again, water itself. Now it is important to note that all plants are lit a troves because they harvest electrons from splitting water during carbon fixation. And so because they are using water as their electron source that makes them little trucks. Now organa trophies on the other hand, are going to supply their electron transport chain with electrons from organic molecules and organic molecules are going to be molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen, for example glucose. And so if we take a look at our image down below, over here on the left hand side, what we're showing you are the lift A truths and the lift a trophy are somewhat like rock eaters in a way because they're going to be obtaining their electrons from inorganic molecules. And inorganic molecules are found in things such as non living things such as rocks and water. And so here we have an L with a trough saying I lift though. I mean I love eating rocks and so hopefully that can help you remember that the little troops are going to obtain their electrons from inorganic molecules. Then over here on the right hand side, what we're showing you are the organa troughs and the organa troves are going to obtain their electrons from organic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen such as glucose and glucose. That sugar can be found in organics are usually going to be found in living substances such as trees, apples and things like that. And so notice that this Organa trophy is saying, I only eat organics and obtain electrons from organics. And so this year concludes our brief introduction to the electron source as well as little troughs and Organa trophies. And we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video
5
concept
Carbon Source:Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
Video duration:
2m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to talk about the nutritional carbon source of microorganisms and how scientists can classify organisms either as hetero troughs or autotrophs depending on the carbon source. Now, microorganisms are classified into two groups based on their source of carbon and whether that carbon sources organic or inorganic. And again, recall that organic just means that the substance contains both carbon and hydrogen, whereas in organic means that it does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. And recall that the carbon source itself is referring to the original carbon based molecule that supplies carbon to the cell so that the cell can use that carbon to create other cell components. Now, autotrophs are going to be using carbon fixation uh in order to capture carbon and make their own food and other cell components as well. And so autotrophs are going to be making their own food. And usually the carbon that is going to be fixated is going to be some kind of inorganic carbon, such as carbon dioxide. Now, hetero tropes on the other hand, are going to consume rather than make their own food and they consume and they use organic molecules. And uh these organic molecules are what are supplying the carbon that the cell needs to create other cell components. And so if we take a look at our image down below, on the left hand side over here, we're focusing in on the auto troughs. And the auto troops are going to be making their own food by using carbon fixation to caption capture inorganic carbon such as carbon dioxide. So they fix carbon dioxide to supply their carbon. And so here we're showing you how carrots can use photo can you are auto troops that are able to perform photosynthesis and uh carbon fixation to fix uh an organic carbon now over here, on the right hand side, what we're showing you are hetero troops, and hetero trophy would be there bunny rabbit over here and so this bunny rabbit must consume organic molecules in order to supply it sells with carbon. And so notice that this bunny rabbit, which is the hetero trope, is eating the auto troop, which is the care. Uh and so the carrot is the autotrophs, and the bunny rabbit is the hetero trophy. And so this year concludes our brief introduction to the carbon source, as well as hetero troughs and autotrophs. And we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video.
6
Problem
Problem
Biologists can divide living organisms into two groups:autotrophs and heterotrophs, which differ in _________.
A
Their method of obtaining energy.
B
The characteristics of life.
C
Their mode of inheritance.
D
The way that they generate ATP.
7
Problem
Problem
Organisms that use organic molecules as their source of carbon are called:
A
Archaea.
B
Chemoautotrophs.
C
Heterotrophs.
D
Autotrophs.
8
Problem
Problem
Organisms that use CO2 as their source of carbon are called
A
Organotrophs.
B
Heterotrophs.
C
Autotrophs.
D
Chemotrophs.
9
concept
Reviewing the Nutritional Growth Factors of Microbes
Video duration:
2m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to be reviewing the nutritional growth factors of microbes by completing the table that you see here and so notice that we have this table organized by the three nutritional factors energy source, electron source and carbon source. Now. In terms of the energy source, scientists organized microorganisms either as photo tropes or chemo troops. Photo tropes are organisms that obtain their energy directly from sunlight. Whereas chemo tropes are going to be obtaining their energy from chemical compounds. Now. In terms of the electron source, scientists organized microorganisms either as little tropes or organa tropes, lithia tropes are going to be organisms that supply their electron transport chain or E. T. C. With electrons from reduced in organic molecules which are molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen such as for example water. Now, organa tropes, on the other hand, are going to be organisms that supply their electron transport chains or E. T. C. With electrons from organic molecules or molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen such as for example glucose. Now. Uh in terms of the carbon source, scientists will organize organisms either as other truths or hetero truths. Uh oh troops are going to be fixing inorganic carbon dioxide to make their own molecules of food and supply the cell with carbon. And hetero troops, on the other hand, are going to instead of make they're making their own food, they are going to consume pre made organic molecules rather than inorganic molecules to supply the cell with carbon. And so this year concludes our brief review of the nutritional factors of microbes and we'll be able to get more practice and learn more as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
10
concept
Nutritional Diversity Among Microbes
Video duration:
5m
Play a video:
in this video, we're going to focus on the nutritional diversity among microbes. And so scientists typically categorised microbes into groups based on a combination of the three nutritional factors. And so those three key nutritional factors are the energy source electron source and the carbon source. And all combinations of these three nutritional factors are theoretically possible, even though some combinations have no known organisms to date. And so if you take a look at this image down below, it's really just a map showing you all of the possible combinations of those three key nutritional factors that we covered in our previous lesson videos. And so notice at the top, it's showing you all living organisms can be grouped based on their specific energy source. And so recall that the two energy sources could either be light energy or chemical energy. Uh and chemical energy is an example is glucose. Like this green molecule that you see here. If chemical energy is the energy source, then the organism would be a chemo trophy. But if light energy is the energy source, then the organism would be a photo trophy. And so all of this over here are going to be organisms that are photo troughs. And everything over here are going to be organisms that are chemo tropes. Now, what you'll notice is that after identifying these organisms as chemo tropes or photo tropes, we can then take a look at the specific electron source of the organism. And so recall that the electron source can be used to group organisms either as organa trophy or as little troughs. And so if the electron source is an organic compound, then we would have ourselves a chemo organa trope notice it's a Chemo trophy because it is uh using chemical energy. And it is an organic A trophy because it uses organic compounds as the electron source. Now, if it were an organic compounds that it uses the electron source, then it would be a chemo lift a trophy wife. And so you can see that we're starting to combine these routes that we had talked about previously. Chemo lip atrocious. It is a Chemo trophy because it uses chemical energy as the energy source. And it is a lift a trophy because it uses an organic compounds as the electron source. Now, if we were to take a look at the photo tropes of side over here, uh, in terms of the electron source, if it uses organic compounds, then it would be a photo Organa trope if it uses an organic compounds that it would be a photo with a true. Then of course, after the electron source, there is still the carbon source and the carbon source could either be organic carbon or inorganic carbon such as carbon dioxide only. And so, uh, if the chemo Organa truth has an organic carbon source, then it would be a chemo organo hetero trophy wife. If the Chemo Organa Trophy uses carbon dioxide only as the carbon source, then it would be a chemo organo auto truth. And notice that there are no known organisms for chemo organo autotrophs. Now, uh, if the chemo lift a trophy had a carbon source that was organic carbon, then it would be a chemo Lithonia hetero trophy. And if it was a uh chemo lit a trove with a carbon dioxide or inorganic carbon source, it would be a chemo little autotrophs. And so what you can see here is that this is a calm using a combination of those three routes that we saw for energy source electron source and for carbon source. And so really, uh, these groups that you see towards the bottom here are the more specified specific groups that classifies the organisms on all three of those nutritional factors. Uh, and so if we were to do the same over here with the photo troops, notice that we have the Photo Organa trophy with an organic carbon source would be a photo Organa hetero trope. Uh If we have a photo Organa Truth with an inorganic carbon source such as carbon dioxide, it would be a photo organic auto trope. And once again, there are no known organisms for that. If we had a photo with a trope with an organic carbon source, it would be a photo with a hetero trope. Once again, no known organisms for that. And if we had a photo with a trope with an organic carbon sources, then it would be a photo little autotrophs. And so basically all of the ones that you see with these yellow stars at the bottom here are going to be organisms that are known to exist. And the ones that specifically specify no known organisms are ones are groups in which no known organisms are known to exist in those categories. And so this year, uh concludes our lesson on the nutritional diversity among microbes. You can see how much diversity there is. And uh, scientists can group these organisms not just based on individual nutritional factors, such as energy source, electron source and carbon source, but they can also group them based on combinations of those three. And that's exactly what we're seeing down below is all of the possible combinations for those three. And so this year concludes our lesson on this and we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video.
11
Problem
Problem
Chemoheterotrophs:
A
Use sunlight as an energy source.
B
Use pre-made organic chemicals as a carbon source.
C
Obtain their energy from chemical compounds.
D
Use preformed inorganic molecules as a carbon source.
E
B and C.
12
Problem
Problem
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic bacteria. These bacteria use sunlight as their energy source and carbon dioxide as their carbon source. Cyanobacteria are ________________.
A
Chemoautotrophs.
B
Photoautotrophs.
C
Chemoheterotrophs.
D
Photoheterotrophs.
13
Problem
Problem
Humans are:
A
Chemolithoautotrophs.
B
Photooganoautotrophs.
C
Chemoorganoheterotrophs.
D
Chemolithoheterotrophs.
Additional resources for Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth
