Problem: Part A: Calculate Zeff for a valence electron in an oxygen atom.Part B: Calculate Zeff for the 4s electron in a copper atom, Cu.Part C: Calculate Zeff for a 3d electron in a copper atom, Cu.

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Part A:

We’re being asked to calculate the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) of the valence electron in oxygen (O) atom. Recall that the effective nuclear charge is the forces exerted by the nucleus onto an electron and is given by:



where Z = nuclear charge or atomic number and S = shielding constant. For this problem, we need to do the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the atomic number.

Step 2: Determine the electron configuration and group them by n-values.

Step 3: Calculate for the shielding constant.

Step 4: Calculate for Zeff.


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Problem Details

Part A: Calculate Zeff for a valence electron in an oxygen atom.

Part B: Calculate Zeff for the 4s electron in a copper atom, Cu.

Part C: Calculate Zeff for a 3d electron in a copper atom, Cu.

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