Ch.12 - SolutionsWorksheetSee all chapters
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Ch.1 - Intro to General Chemistry
Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements
Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions
Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Ch.5 - Gases
Ch.6 - Thermochemistry
Ch.7 - Quantum Mechanics
Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Ch.9 - Bonding & Molecular Structure
Ch.10 - Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Ch.12 - Solutions
Ch.13 - Chemical Kinetics
Ch.14 - Chemical Equilibrium
Ch.15 - Acid and Base Equilibrium
Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibrium
Ch. 17 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Ch.18 - Electrochemistry
Ch.19 - Nuclear Chemistry
Ch.20 - Organic Chemistry
Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals
Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Sections
Solutions, Molarity and Intermolecular Forces
Henry's Law
Calculate Molarity
Mass Percent
Molality
Mole Fraction
The Colligative Properties
Additional Practice
Making Solutions
ppm
Boiling Point Elevation
Freezing Point Depression
Colloid
Additional Guides
The Freezing Point Depression
LearnAdditional Practice
Next SectionHenry's Law

Solution: Structure and solubilitySuppose the hydrogens on the OH groups in glucose (refer the figure) were replaced with methyl groups, CH3.Would you expect the water solubility of the resulting molecule to be

Problem


Cyclohexane, C6H12, which has no polar OH groups, is essentially insoluble in water. Cyclohexane is a six-membered ring with carbon as all of its vertices. Each carbon is also single bonded out of the ring to two H atoms. Glucose is also a six-membered ring, but it has carbon at five of its vertices and O as the final vertex. Attached to the ring are five OH groups, which are hydrogen-bonding sites. In glucose, the OH groups enhance the aqueous solubility because of their ability to hydrogen bond with H2O.


Structure and solubility


Suppose the hydrogens on the OH groups in glucose (refer the figure) were replaced with methyl groups, CH3.


Would you expect the water solubility of the resulting molecule to be higher than, lower than, or about the same as the solubility of glucose?

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Practice Problems
In which of the following liquids is iodine (I 2) ...
Which of the species would be expected to be the m...
Both ammonia and phosphine (PH3) are soluble in wa...
Which of the following will be dissolved in water?...
Rank the following in terms of decreasing miscibil...
Which of the following compounds should be soluble...
Which one of the following statements is false? 1...
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Two pure chemical substances are likely to mix and...
Which of the following molecules is a surfactant?
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Which would you expect to be more soluble in water...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
The structures of vitamins E and B6 are shown belo...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
Common laboratory solvents include acetone (CH3COC...
Some proteins reside in the hydrophobic lipid bila...
Explain dynamic equilibrium with respect to soluti...
Why doesnt NaCl dissolve in nonpolar solvents such...
Label the following processes as exothermic or end...
Label the following processes as exothermic or end...
Soaps consist of compounds such as sodium stearate...
Soaps consist of compounds such as sodium stearate...
Soaps consist of compounds such as sodium stearate...
If you put a drop of food coloring in water and wa...
Consider water and glycerol , CH2( OH)CH(OH)C...
Enthalpy changes accompanying the solution p...
What is the difference between the solute and the ...
At 35 oC the vapor pressure of acetone, (CH3 )2 CO...
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The "free-base" form of cocaine (C17H21NO4) and it...
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This figure shows the interaction of a cation with...
Consider two ionic solids, both composed of singly...
Consider two ionic solids, both composed of singly...
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How is the miscibility of a liquid with water rela...
Consider the following values for enthalpy of vapo...
Consider the following values for enthalpy of vapo...
Alcohol ...
Two nonpolar organic liquids, hexane (C6H14) and h...
What are the solute and solvent?
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What does it mean to say that a substance is solub...
Why do two ideal gases thoroughly mix when combine...
Proteins can be precipitated out of aqueous soluti...
Why is entropy important in discussing the formati...
What kinds of intermolecular forces are involved i...
Explain how the relative strengths of solute-solut...
What does the statement, like dissolves like...
Consider the following values for enthalpy of vapo...
Consider the following values for enthalpy of vapo...
In which of the following solvents would carbon di...
Which of the following substances is more likely t...
Hint: By 'dissociation' here you can think of this...
Select the most water-soluble molecule from the fo...
Which of the following accurately lists compounds ...
Which of the following compounds is likely to be m...
Select the values associated with the dissolution ...
Select the alcohol that you would expect to be the...
Which of the following of each pair is expected to...
 In which set are the substances arranged in order...
Pick an appropriate solvent to dissolve barium nit...
Pick an appropriate solvent to dissolve olive oil ...
Pick an appropriate solvent to dissolve Carbon tet...
Differentiate between what happens when the follow...
Two pure chemical substances are likely to mix and...
How is the miscibility of two liquids related to t...
For each solute, identify the better solvent: wate...
Which one of the following would be immiscible wit...
An unknown substance dissolves readily in water bu...
Which of the following situations is most favorabl...
Which one of the following is most soluble in hexa...
For each solute listed below, identify the better ...
Which of these gases can be most efficiently colle...
A solution is formed when the solute uniformly dis...
Predict what will happen when pure dimethyl ether ...
Consider the formation of the three solutions show...
Which of the following solutes will most readily d...
The term “like dissolves like” is used to help exp...
Which of the following does not affect the solubil...
Rank the following liquids from most soluble to le...
Which interactions are stronger in a dilute aqueou...
Four liquids are ranked in order of decreasing pol...
Which liquid would best dissolve parafin?a. waterb...
Which compound below is likely the most soluble in...
Which of the following statements is/are true? a. ...
For each solute, identify the better solvent: wate...
Rank the liquids NH3, CH3OH, CH3CH2F, CCl4 by thei...
Below is a tetrahedral molecule with one atom miss...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which of the following gases is expected to be mos...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, woul...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
Which solvent, water or hexane (C6H14), would you ...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
Predict whether each of the following substances w...
Predict whether each of the following substances w...
Predict whether each of the following substances w...
The anion (v) is called "BARF" by chemists, as its...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
Which gives the more concentrated solution, steari...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
For each of the following pairs, predict which sub...
Which of the following likely to be more soluble i...
Which of the following likely to be more soluble i...
Which of the following likely to be more soluble i...
You may want to reference (Pages 532 - 538)Section...
Which compound do you expect to be miscible with o...
Which molecule would you expect to be more soluble...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in dieth...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in dieth...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in dieth...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in water...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in water...
For each compound, would you expect greater solubi...
Which member of each pair is more soluble in water...
Specify whether each compound is soluble in hexane...
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Give the best explanation for which cation, lithiu...
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You may want to reference (Pages 526 - 530) Sectio...
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a. Use the following data to calculate the enthalp...
The high melting points of ionic solids indicate t...
When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the sol...
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How do solutions differ from compounds? From other...
Water is a good solvent for many substances. What ...
Which of the principal characteristics of solution...
When KNO3 is dissolved in water, the resulting sol...
When KNO3 is dissolved in water, the resulting sol...
When KNO3 is dissolved in water, the resulting sol...
KBr is relatively soluble in water, yet its enthal...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
Which atom in water points toward Na+ in the ion–d...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
State whether the entropy of the system increases ...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
Indicate the most important types of intermolecula...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
Indicate the most important types of intermolecula...
A solution of methanol and water has a mole fracti...
Indicate the most important types of intermolecula...
Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...
Indicate the most important types of intermolecula...
Indicate the most important types of intermolecula...
Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...
Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...
Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...
Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...
In flushing and cleaning columns used in liquid ch...
What is the microscopic explanation for the macros...
Heat is released when some solutions form; heat is...
Explain why the ions Na+ and Cl− are strongly solv...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
Which of the following best represents a molecular...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
Pyridine (right) is an essential portion of many b...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
A solution is an equimolar mixture of two volatile...
Consider the solutions presented:(a) Which of the ...
Consider the solutions presented:(a) Which of the ...
An ionic compound has a very negative Hsoln in wat...
Compare the processes that occur when methanol (CH...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
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When lithium iodide (LiI) is dissolved in water, t...
When lithium iodide (LiI) is dissolved in water, t...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular...
Substance A is a nonpolar liquid and has only disp...
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular...
Ibuprofen, widely used as a pain reliever, has a l...
Ibuprofen, widely used as a pain reliever, has a l...
You may want to reference (Pages 526 - 530) Sectio...
You may want to reference (Pages 526 - 530) Sectio...
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular...
Oil and water are immiscible. Which is the most li...
Gluconic acid is a derivative of glucose used in c...
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular...
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular...
You may want to reference(Pages 526 - 530)Section ...
You may want to reference (Pages 526 - 530) Sectio...
The following table presents the solubilities of s...
Rationalize the trend in water solubility for the ...
What is the difference between a solvent and a sol...
What happens in the solutions process?
How is the miscibility of a liquid with water rela...
Would you expect alanine (an amino acid)  to be mo...
Explain why 1-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) is miscible i...
Rank the following solute‐solvent interactions in ...
Which of the following statements is/are correct?a...
Which of the following statements is/are correct?i...
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Pick an appropriate solvent to dissolve barium nit...
For each solute, identify the better solvent: wate...
Which of the following compounds is most soluble i...
Which gas is least soluble in water?a) H2b) CO2c) ...
In which solvent do you expect hexane (C6H14) to b...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...A 0.3146-g sample of a mixture of NaCI(s) and KBr(...
Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below t...
Two nonpolar organic liquids, hexane (C6H14) and h...
When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the sol...
Suggest an explanation for the observations that e...
Which of the following pairs of substances would y...
Two nonpolar organic liquids, hexane (C6H14) and h...Rank these compounds by their expected solubility ...For each solute, identify the better solvent: wate...The maximum concentration set by the US Environmen...
If 10.0 g of ethanol (CH 3CH2OH) is added to 10.0 ...Calculate the molarity of a solution made by addin...Five mineral samples of equal mass of calcite, CaC...This question has multiple parts. Work all the par...This question has multiple parts. Work on all the ...
Which gives the more concentrated solution,  (a) K...
Rank the following molecules in order from most so...
Next SectionHenry's Law