| Sections | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous Reaction | 10 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | 6 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
| Entropy | 58 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
| Gibbs Free Energy | 30 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| Additional Practice |
|---|
| Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics |
| Boltzmann Equation |
Solution: The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid involves three steps:c. Is there a thermodynamic reason for the high temperature in the first step, assuming standard conditions?
Problem
The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid involves three steps:
c. Is there a thermodynamic reason for the high temperature in the first step, assuming standard conditions?
Practice Problems
What is true for the following reaction under stan...
The sublimation of solid carbon dioxide is a spont...
Consider the equation carefully, and think about t...
Which statement best describes spontaneous reactio...
A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine remains unreact...
Given the following reaction: A(g) ⇌ B(g), the for...
For the reaction A + B ⇌ C + D, ΔH°= +40 kJ and ΔS...
Reactions with positive values of ∆S º r always be...
A spontaneous chemical reaction is FAVORED by whic...
A reaction has a standard entropy change of +32.83...
Which reaction below is most likely spontaneous at...
What factor ultimately determines whether any phys...
Consider the following facts: water freezes sponta...
For the process O2 (g) → 2 O (g), ΔH ° = + 498 kJ....
At 25 oC, ΔHo = 1.895 kJ and ΔSo = – 3.363 J/K for...
For each of the following chemical processes, stat...
Which of the following processes WILL NOT be spont...
When a liquid evaporates, which is true about the ...
Consider the following facts: water freezes sponta...
Which of the following is an example of a nonspont...
A spontaneous endothermic reaction always
A) caus...
Given that the normal freezing point of ammonia is...
The combustion reactions of hydrocarbons are react...
The thermodynamic condition for a spontaneous proc...
Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bic...
If a process has a ΔH = +48 kJ/mol and a ΔS = -130...
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) An...
When barium hydroxide is dissolved in water, the t...
For the reaction A2(g) + B(s) → A2B(g)
ΔH° > 0...
You observe that carbon dioxide sublimes. Which of...
For the reaction given below, ΔH° = -1516kJ and ΔS...
Kw for the auto-ionization of water, H2O(l) → H+(a...
Based on your knowledge of carbon allotropes, You ...
Consider the following sets. Which one indicates a...
For the reaction
2 SO3(g) → 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
∆H◦...
Consider a reaction that has a positive ΔH and a p...
Solid ammonium nitrate is very soluble in water. W...
Consider a 1.00 L solution of 0.150 M HCN (Ka = 4....
The following reaction is endothermic:
2 H2O (l) ...
Ethane is C2H6. Consider the reaction below:
C2H...
The plot of change in free energy versus temperatu...
Consider the reaction: 2O(g) → O2(g)
a) Predict t...
Above what temperature does the following reaction...
When solid NH4NO3 is dissolved in water at 25°C, t...
For the reaction
2 SO3(g) → 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
∆H◦...
The equilibrium constant for the reaction
NH4Cl(s...
The normal freezing point of ammonia is -78°C. Pre...
Which of the following is a description of a phase...
What would be the signs of ∆H and ∆S for the react...
For a reaction in which ΔH = 125 kJ/mol and ΔS = 3...
For the reaction
2 C(s) + 2 H2(g) → C2H4(g)
∆H°...
Which of the following statements are true?
I. In...
Which of the following are the thermodynamic signs...
Consider the conversion of a substance from solid ...
The following reaction is exothermic.
...
The following reaction is endothermic:
...
If a reaction is exothermic but experiences a decr...
For a certain chemical reaction,ΔH = 128 kJ/mol an...
The reaction between elemental nitrogen and elemen...
When ammonium ion and nitrate ion combine they for...
Which of the following is required for a spontaneo...
Which of the following is true regarding a non-spo...
The standard free energy of formation of CS 2 (l) ...
Which reaction below is most likely spontaneous at...
Hot and cold packs are commercially available for ...
Two different gases occupy two separate bulbs. Con...
Suppose you have a system made up of water only, w...
Indicate whether each of the following statements ...
Indicate whether each of the following statements ...
What is a spontaneous process? Provide an example.
Explain the difference between the spontaneity of ...
Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous...
A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant ...
Free energy and approaching equilibrium. In ...
Consider what happens when a sample of the explosi...
What are the criteria for spontaneity in terms of ...
What are the criteria for spontaneity in terms of ...
Spontaneity can depend on temperature. At T >...
Indicate whether each of the following statements ...
Indicate whether each of the following statements ...
Two different gases occupy two separate bulbs. Con...
Consider a system consisting of an ice cube.Under ...
For each of the following processes, indicate whet...
For each of the following processes, indicate whet...
For each of the following processes, indicate whet...
For each of the following processes, indicate whet...
For each of the following processes, indicate whet...
Indicate whether G increases, decreases, or stays ...
Indicate whether G increases, decreases, or stays ...
Consider the accompanying diagram, which represent...
Consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam...
Consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam...
Consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam...
At what temperatures is the following reaction, th...
Methanol (CH3OH) can be made by the controlled oxi...
Consider the following reaction between oxides of ...
Indicate whether each of the following statements ...
A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant ...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?T...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?T...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?A...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?D...
Which of the following processes are nonspontaneou...
Which of the following processes are nonspontaneou...
Which of the following processes are nonspontaneou...
Which of the following processes are nonspontaneou...
Potential energy and free energy. An analogy...
Explain why water spontaneously freezes to form ic...
For a chemical reaction to be spontaneous for stan...
For a particular reaction, ΔH°sys = 40 kJ and ΔS°s...
At constant pressure, the following reaction is ex...
Consider the following reaction at 120°C. Which st...
Which of the following reactions are spontaneous (...
Above what temperature does the following reaction...
For the chemical reaction, A → B, choose the combi...
Under standard conditions (298 K and 1 atm), which...
Which of the following reactions are spontaneous (...
For the decomposition of calcium carbonate, consid...
Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bic...
Above what temperature does the following reaction...
Which of these processes is spontaneous?a) the com...
Which of the following statements best describes a...
Which of the following is true regarding a non-spo...
A reaction that is spontaneous as written ________...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous? ...
Consider the reaction:
FeO(s) + Fe(s) + O2(g)→ Fe...
Which statement best describes the following endot...
Above what temperature does the following reaction...
If a solute dissolves in an endothermic process
a...
Based on the following graph below, determine the ...
A spontaneous chemical reaction is FAVORED by whic...
Which statement is true regarding the sublimation ...
Below what temperature does the following reaction...
Fill in the blanks.
As a fuel, H2(g) produces only nonpolluting H2O(g)...
What is a spontaneous reaction?
What is a nonspontaneous reaction?
Is the statement true or false? If false, correct ...
Is the statement true or false? If false, correct ...
Is the statement true or false? If false, correct ...
Is the statement true or false? If false, correct ...
Methanol, a major industrial feedstock, is made by...
Hydrogen cyanide is produced industrially by the f...
Consider two reactions for the production of ethan...
Do all exothermic phase changes have a negative va...
The Ostwald process for the commercial production ...
Acetylene is produced commercially by the partial ...
Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 ˚C: I2(...
Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the following ...
H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to the ...
A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates ove...
Many plastic materials are organic polymers that c...
The major industrial use of hydrogen is in the pro...
Why does water spilled on the floor evaporate even...
Consider the reactionFe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) → 2Fe (s)...
A reaction is spontaneous under a certain set of c...
Consider the reaction: 3 O2(g) + 6 H2(g) + 6 C(s, ...
Select the statements below that are false and why...
Consider the oxidation of carbon monoxide:CO(g) + ...
Consider the combustion of butane gas:C4H10(g) + 1...
Replace each question mark with the correct inform...
Among the many complex ions of cobalt are the foll...
It is quite common for a solid to change from one ...
Two crystalline forms of white phosphorus are know...
Consider the reaction 2O (g) → O2 (g)a. Predict th...
When heated, the DNA double helix separates into t...
When ammonium chloride is added to water and stirr...
Fill in the blanks in the table below where both Δ...
One reaction used to produce small quantity of pur...
A reaction that occur in the internal combustion e...
As a fuel, H2(g) produces only nonpolluting H2O(g)...
A reaction has ΔH°298 = 100 kJ/mol and ΔS°298 = 25...
Consider the following reaction occurring at 298 K...
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxid...
Magnesia (MgO) is used for fire brick, crucibles, ...
Styrene is produced by catalytic dehydrogenation o...
At what temperatures will the following processes ...
Propylene (propene; CH3CH=CH2) is used to produce ...
At what temperatures will the following processes ...
At what temperatures will the following processes ...
At what temperatures will the following processes ...
When heated, the DNA double helix separates into t...
The major industrial use of hydrogen is in the pro...
Consider the reactionFe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) → 2Fe (s)...
Consider the reaction2POCl3 (g) → 2PCl3 (g) + O2 (...
Consider the reaction2POCl3 (g) → 2PCl3 (g) + O2 (...
Acetylene is produced commercially by the partial ...
Acetylene is produced commercially by the partial ...
Our atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen a...
Nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant in the atmosphere, c...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Indicate whether the following process is spontane...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?a...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?a...
Which of these processes are spontaneous? (a) Wate...
Which of these processes are spontaneous? (a) Eart...
Which of these processes are spontaneous? (a) Meth...
Which of these processes are spontaneous? (a) A sa...
Which process is spontaneous at 298 K?a. H2O(l) → ...
The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has ...
One of the important reaction in the biochemical p...
Which of the following processes are nonspontaneou...
Methanol burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide an...
Which of the reactions are spontaneous as written....
Our atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen a...
Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the following ...
H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to the ...
High level of ozone (O3) cause rubber to deteriora...
Consider the following reaction occurring at 298 K...
Consider the following reaction occurring at 298 K...
The Haber process is very important for agricultur...
Methanol, a major industrial feedstock, is made by...
Given the values of ΔH and ΔS, which of the follow...
Under what conditions is N2 O3(g) ⟶ NO(g) + NO2(g)...
Which of the following statements is true?a. A rea...
Consider the signs for ΔHrxn and ΔSrxn for several...
Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the tem...
Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the tem...
Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the tem...
Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the tem...
Consider the reaction 2O (g) → O2 (g)b. Would the ...
Without doing a numerical calculation, determine w...
Predict under what temperatures (all temperatures,...
Predict the conditions (high temperature, low temp...
Consider the reaction: 3 O2(g) + 6 H2(g) + 6 C(s, ...
A particular chemical reaction has a negative ΔH a...
A particular chemical reaction has a negative ΔH a...
Consider a reaction that has a positive ΔH and po...
What can be said about an Endothermic reaction wit...
Making Methanol The element hydrogen is not abunda...
If ΔH = -80.0 kJ and ΔS = -0.400 kJ/K, the reactio...
As shown here, one type of computer keyboard clean...
For each phase change, determine the sign of ΔH an...
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?a...
Two different gases occupy two separate bulbs. Con...
For a particular reaction, delta Hº is 55.4 kJ/mol...What can be said about an endothermic reaction wit...The following generic reaction will always be spon...For the following reaction, ΔH rxn = −120 kJ / mol...
Classify the following phase changes by the signs ...Which of these statements are true?
What can be said about an exothermic reaction with...