Problem: Which of the following is true of the internal energy of a system and its surroundings during an energy exchange with a negative ΔEsys?a. The internal energy of the system increases and the internal energy of the surroundings decreases.b. The internal energy of both the system and the surroundings increases.c. The internal energy of both the system and the surroundings decreases.d. The internal energy of the system decreases and the internal energy of the surroundings increases.

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FREE Expert Solution

$\boxed{\mathbf{∆}\mathbf{E}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{w}}$

ΔE = internal energy, J
q = heat, J
w = work, J

For heat, q:

▪ + q → if the system gains, takes in, or absorbs heat or energy
▪ – q → if the system loses, evolves, gives off, or releases heat or energy

For work, w:

▪ + w → work is done on the system by the surroundings (volume: compresses)
▪ – w → work is done by the system on the surroundings (volume: expands)