Intermolecular Forces are the attractive forces between 2 molecules. Intramolecular Forces are the bonding forces within a molecule.
Concept #1: Understanding the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces
Intermolecular forces influence the physical properties of compounds, whereas intramolecular forces influence the chemical properties of compounds.
Concept #2: The First and Strongest Intermolecular Force
This intermolecular force deals with the attraction between an ion and a polar compound.
Concept #3: The Second Intermolecular Force
This intermolecular forces exists anytime hydrogen is directly connected to fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen.
Concept #4: The Third Intermolecular Force
Concept #5: The Fourth Intermolecular Force
This intermolecular force deals with the attraction between a polar and nonpolar covalent compound.
Concept #6: The Fifth Intermolecular Force
This intermolecular force is found in all compounds, but it's the main intermolecular force of nonpolar covalent compounds.
Example #1: Based on the given compounds, answer each of the following questions:
CH3CH3, KBr, C6H5OH, CaS, Ne
a. Which compound will have the lowest boiling point?
b. Which compound will have the highest surface tension.
c. Which compound will have the highest vapor pressure.
Practice: The predominant intermolecular force in C6H5NH2 is:
Practice: The predominant intermolecular force in HBr is:
Practice: The predominant intermolecular force in ZnBr2 with H2O is:
Practice: The predominant intermolecular force in Ne with H2O is:
Solubility deals with the dissolving of a solute in a solvent in order to create a solution.
Concept #7: Understanding the Theory of "Likes" dissolve "Likes"
In order for a solvent to dissolve a solute both components have similar polarities.
Example #2: Identify the intermolecular forces present in both the solute and the solvent, and predict whether a solution will form between the two.
CCl4 and P4
Example #3: Identify the intermolecular forces present in both the solute and the solvent, and predict whether a solution will form between the two.
CH3OH and C6H6
Example #4: Identify the intermolecular forces present in both the solute and the solvent, and predict whether a solution will form between the two.
C6H5CH2NH2 and HF
Example #5: Identify the intermolecular forces present in both the solute and the solvent, and predict whether a solution will form between the two.
IF4 - and NH3
Practice: Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) Methane will dissolve completely in acetone, CH3COCH3.
b) Hydrofluoric acid (HF) will form a heterogeneous mixture with tetrachloride, CCl4.
c) Pentane will form a homogeneous mixture with CBr4.
d) Methanethiol (CH3SH) is miscible in fluoromethane (CH3F).