Ch.9 - Bonding & Molecular StructureWorksheetSee all chapters
All Chapters
Ch.1 - Intro to General Chemistry
Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements
Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions
Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Ch.5 - Gases
Ch.6 - Thermochemistry
Ch.7 - Quantum Mechanics
Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Ch.9 - Bonding & Molecular Structure
Ch.10 - Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Ch.12 - Solutions
Ch.13 - Chemical Kinetics
Ch.14 - Chemical Equilibrium
Ch.15 - Acid and Base Equilibrium
Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibrium
Ch. 17 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Ch.18 - Electrochemistry
Ch.19 - Nuclear Chemistry
Ch.20 - Organic Chemistry
Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals
Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Sections
Lewis Dot Symbols
Chemical Bonds
Dipole Moment
Octet Rule
Formal Charge
Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds
Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds
Lewis Dot Structures: Ions
Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions
Lewis Dot Structures: Acids
Resonance Structures
Average Bond Order
Bond Energy
Coulomb's Law
Lattice Energy
Born Haber Cycle
Additional Practice
Lewis Dot Structure: Formal Charge
LearnAdditional PracticeSummary
Next SectionDipole Moment

A chemical bond is the connection of different elements through the sharing, transferring or pooling of electrons. 

Chemical Bond Classifications

Concept #1: Chemical Bonds

Example #1: Which of the following species has bonds with the most ionic character?

Practice: The strength of an ionic bond comes principally from:

a) The converting of atoms into compounds.

b) The movement of electrons from cations to anions.

c) The mutual attraction of opposite electrical charges.

d) The sharing of electrons.

Concept #3: Covalent Bonding

Example #2: Which of these elements is unlikely to form covalent bonds?

Concept #4: Metallic Bonding

Example #3: Which of the following is best description of the free flowing electrons in metallic bonding?

Practice: Which of the following is not a physical property attributed to metallic bonding?

a) Ductility

b) Luster

c) Brittleness

d) Malleability 

e) Conductivity

Practice: Which of the following statements is true?  

a) O2 is characterized by metallic bonding.

b) BaO is characterized by covalent bonding.

c) H2O is characterized by ionic bonding.

d) Zn is characterized by metallic bonding.

e) BeF2 is characterized by metallic bonding.

Previous SectionLewis Dot Symbols
Next SectionDipole Moment
Additional Problems
Which of the following has the bonds ranked in order of increasing ionic character? 1. Cl-Cl < Si-Cl < Br-Cl < Mg-Br < Rb-Cl 2. Mg-Br < Rb-Cl < Si-Cl < Br-Cl < Cl-Cl 3. Cl-Cl < Br-Cl < Si-Cl < Rb-Cl < Mg-Br 4. Cl-Cl < Br-Cl < Si-Cl < Mg-Br < Rb-Cl
Which of the following species has bonds with the most ionic character? 1. SnO2 2. P4O10 3. CO2 4. PCl3 5. NO2
Which of the following has the bonds ranked in order of increasing ionic character? 1. Cl−Cl < Si−Cl < Br−Cl < Mg−Br < Rb−Cl 2. Mg−Br < Rb−Cl < Si−Cl < Br−Cl < Cl−Cl 3. Cl−Cl < Br−Cl < Si−Cl < Rb−Cl < Mg−Br 4. Cl−Cl < Br−Cl < Si−Cl < Mg−Br < Rb−Cl
In which compound below is it inappropriate to use a line or dash to represent a shared electron pair in a bond? a. KCl b. HCl c. Br2 d. BrF e. I2
Which species below contains a pure covalent bond? a) Li2CO3 b) SCl6 c) Cl2 d) PF3 e) NaCl
Which statement is TRUE? (A) A covalent bond is formed through the sharing of electrons. (B) A covalent bond has a lower potential energy than the two separate atoms. (C) An ionic bond is much stronger than most covalent bonds. (D) In metallic bonding, all of the atoms pool their valence electrons (E) All of the above statements are true.
Select the option below that best completes the following statement: Fe(NO 3)3 is _________, KBr is _________, and N2O3 is _________. a) a covalent molecule, a covalent molecule, a covalent molecule b) a covalent molecule, an ionic compound, an ionic compound c) an ionic compound, a covalent molecule, a covalent molecule d) an ionic compound, an ionic compound, a covalent molecule e) an ionic compound, an ionic compound, an ionic compound
Arrange the following bonds in order of *increasing* ionic character H—Cl C—H H—H  O—H A) C—H < H —Cl < O—H < H—H B) C—H < O—H < H—Cl < H—H C) H—H < C—H < O—H < H—Cl D) H—Cl < C—H < H—H < O—H E) H—H < C—H < H—Cl < O—H
The strength of an ionic bond comes principally from: A. the mutual attraction of opposite electrical charges B. the conversion of atoms into compounds C. the conversion of compounds into atoms D. the sharing of electrons E. the movement of electrons from cations to anions  
An ionic bond is best described as: a. the sharing of electrons. b. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. c. the attraction that holds the atoms together in a polyatomic ion. d. the attraction between 2 nonmetal atoms.  e. the attraction between 2 metal atoms.
Consider the following compounds I.  N2O4 II. Ca(NO3)2 III. SiH4 IV. SrBr2 Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Two of the compounds from the list are ionic compounds. b. All of the compounds show empirical formulas. c. II contains both ionic bond and covalent bonds. d. Both I and III are covalent compounds.
A covalent bond is best described as A) the sharing of electrons between atoms. B) the transfer of electrons. C) a bond between a metal and a nonmetal. D) a bond between a metal and a polyatomic ion. E) a bond between two polyatomic ions.
Which of the compounds below has bonds with the least covalent character? AgI AgCl AgF AlCl3 BeCl2
Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds? (A) HCl (B) NaCl (C) H2O (D) NaOH (E) CO2
Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) An ionic bond is much stronger than most covalent bonds. B) A covalent bond is formed through the transferring of electrons. C) Ionic compounds at room temperature usually conduct electricity. D) Once dissolved in water, covalent compounds usually conduct electricity. E) None of the above.  
Which of the following substances has the least ionic character?1. BeCl22. CaCl23. BaCl24. KCl
The diagram below shows a potential energy curve between pairs of particles. Refer to the diagram below for the following questions and choose from the given answer selections for each.
The definitive distinction between ionic bonding and covalent bonding is that A. ionic bonding requires two nonmetals and covalent bonding requires a metal and a metalloid. B. ionic bonding involves a sharing of electrons and covalent bonding involves a transfer of electrons. C. ionic bonding requires two nonmentals and covalent bonding requires a metal and a nonmetal. D. ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons and covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons. E. ionic bonding requires a metal and a nonmetal and covalent bonding requires two nonmetals.
Which species has both covalent and ionic bonds?a) NH3BF3b) H3O+c) NaKSd) Mg(CN)2
Which electrostatic forces hold atoms together in a molecule? A) electron-nucleus forces B) nucleus-nucleus forces C) electron-electron forces D) all three forces
When two atoms form a chemical bond A. It is due to the attraction between electrons of one atom and electrons of the other B. It is due to the attraction between protons of one atom and neutrons of the other C. It is due to the repulsion between protons of one atom and protons of the other D. There is an overall reduction of energy between charged particles that compose atoms
Which one of the following compounds contains ionic bonds?      A) CaO      B) SiO2      C) NI3      D) HF
Which of the following statement(s) regarding ionic bonds and covalent bonds is/are TRUE? I. Ionic bonds can form between a metal and a nonmetal, while covalent bonds can form between two nonmetals.II. Covalent bonding results from a transfer of electrons and ionic bonding results from a sharing of electrons.III. Ionic bonds are formed between two oppositely charged ions. A) I onlyB) II onlyC) III onlyD) Both I and IIE) Both I and III
Which of the following contains BOTH ionic and covalent bonds?A) CaI2B) CaSO4C) COSD) SF6E) None of the above contain both ionic and covalent bonds.
Based on electronegativity differences, which of the following is most likely to involve ionic bonding?a) NH3b) Cl2c) CH4d) BaF2e) SO3
Determine whether the following pairs of elements can form ionic compounds.a. oxygen and calciumb. lithium and fluorinec. potassium and calciumd. nickel and chlorinee. fluorine and sodiumf. sulfur and bromine
Predict the type of bonding you would expect to find within the substance: Co(s)a. covalentb. ionicc. metallic
Predict the type of bonding you would expect to find within the substance: CoCl  2(s) a. covalentb. ionicc. metallic
Predict the type of bonding you would expect to find within the substance: CCl  4(l) a. covalentb. ionicc. metallic
Which of the beryllium halides, if any, are considered ionic compounds?
The greater the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms, the greater the bond's percentage of?a. ionic characterb. metallic characterc. electron sharing
a. How many covalent bonds does carbon form if each of its  unpaired electrons participate in one bond?b. How many covalent bonds does oxygen form if each of its  unpaired electrons participate in one bond?c. How many covalent bonds does nitrogen form if each of its  unpaired electrons participate in one bond?d. How many covalent bonds does hydrogen form if each of its  unpaired electrons participate in one bond?
Classify these compounds as ionic or molecular.SO2               NCl3               MgS               CuO
Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?(A) HCl(B) NaCl(C) H2O(D) LiOH(E) CO2
Which of these elements is unlikely to form covalent bonds?S, H, K, Ar, Si
Classify the following compounds as having covalent or ionic bonds:barium fluoride, aluminum carbide, magnesium chloride, dinitrogen monoxide, carbon tetrachloride, rubidium oxide
A pure covalent bond would form in which of these pairs of atoms?a. Br-Brb. H-Clc. Na-Cld. Se-Bre. Li-Br
Which substance has ionic bonds?a. O2b. BaOc. H2Od. OF2
Which of the following contains ionic bonding?a. OCl2 b. SrF2c. HCld. Ale. CO
Rank these bonds from most ionic to most covalent in character.Ca-F, K-F, F-F, Br-F, Cl-F
Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements O, P, Te, I and B.Which combinations of elements would likely yield a compound of empirical formula X2Y3?