| Sections | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Redox Reaction | 32 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
| Balancing Redox Reaction | 31 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| The Nernst Equation | 11 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| Faraday's Constant | 10 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| Galvanic Cell | 85 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| Batteries and Electricity | 9 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
| Additional Practice |
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| Cell Notation |
| Standard Hydrogen Electrode |
| Ion Selective Electrodes |
| Cell Potential |
| Electroplating |
| Electrolysis of Water & Mixture of Ions |
| Additional Guides |
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| Nernst Equation |
Batteries act as spontaneous electrochemical cells that help to generate electricity.
Dry-Cell Batteries
These types of batteries get their names from the fact that they contain very little water.
The overall reaction within a typical dry-cell battery is
Zn (s) + 2 MnO2 (s) + 2 NH4+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Mn2O3 (s) + 2 NH3 (g) + H2O (l)
Alkaline Batteries
These types of batteries get their names from the fact that they operate within a basic medium.
Concept #2: The counterpart to an acidic dry-cell battery is the alkaline battery.
The overall reaction within a typical alkaline battery is
Zn (s) + 2 MnO2 (s) + 2 H2O (l) → Zn(OH)2 (s) + 2 MnO(OH) (s)
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Additional Problems
Li-ion batteries used in automobiles typically use a LiMn2O4 cathode in place of the LiCoO2 cathode found in most Li-ion batteries.1. Which material has a higher percentage of lithium?2. Does this help to explain why batteries made with LiMn2O4 cathodes deliver less power on discharging?
Cutaway view of a miniature alkaline battery.What substance is oxidized as the battery discharges?
What environmental advantage is provided by the use of nickel-metal-hydride batteries over the nickel-cadmium batteries?
Heart pacemakers are often powered by lithium-silver chromate "button" batteries. The overall cell reaction is:2Li(s) + Ag2CrO4(s) → Li2CrO4(s) + 2Ag(s)Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode?
Identify the battery that is used as a common flashlight battery.a) dry-cell batteryb) lithium ion batteryc) lead-acid storage batteryd) NiCad batterye) fuel cell
You may want to reference (Pages 279 - 282) section 6.10 while completing this problem.In a sunny location, sunlight has a power density of about 1 kW/m2. Photovoltaic solar cells can convert this power into electricity with 16% efficiency.If a typical home uses 390 kWh of electricity per month, how many square meters of solar cells would be required to meet its energy requirements? Assume that electricity can be generated from sunlight for 8 hours per day.
Electricity is the flow of electrons. The following questions relate to how electricity is quantified. Electrons are charged particles. The amount of charge that passes per unit time is called a) currentb) potentialc) voltageThe driving force for the electrons (i.e., the reason they are flowing in the first place) is measured by a) chargeb) potentialc) currentCharge is measured in a) amperes (A)b) coulombs (C)c) joules (J)d) volts (V)Current is measured in a) amperes (A)b) coulombs (C)c) joules (J)d) volts (V)Potential is measured ina) amperes (A)b) coulombs (C)c) joules (J)d) volts (V)
In the most common dry cell what material is the electrode that is the center rod made of?A) copperB) graphiteC) leadD) zinc
Li-ion batteries used in automobiles typically use a LiMn2O4 cathode in place of the LiCoO2 cathode found in most Li-ion batteries.In a battery that uses a LiCoO2 cathode approximately 50% of the lithium migrates from the cathode to the anode on charging. In a battery that uses a LiMn2O4 cathode what fraction of the lithium in LiMn2O4 would need to migrate out of the cathode to deliver the same amount of lithium to the graphite anode?
To charge a lead storage battery you must ________.A) apply a direct current to it.B) hold a magnet close to it.C) Use alternating current through it.D) increase the oxygen in it.
Suppose that an alkaline battery was manufactured using cadmium metal rather than zinc. What effect would this have on the cell emf?
The capacity of batteries such as the typical AA alkaline battery is expressed in units of milliamp-hours (mAh). An "AA" alkaline battery yields a nominal capacity of 2850 mAh.The starting voltage of a fresh alkaline battery is 1.55 V . The voltage decreases during discharge and is 0.85 V when the battery has delivered its rated capacity. If we assume that the voltage declines linearly as current is withdrawn, estimate the total maximum electrical work the battery could perform during discharge.