Translation

What is the proper sequence of events in the formation of a peptide bond?A. A-site tRNA bears the incoming amino acid. The P-site tRNA carries the growing peptide chain. Peptide bond formation attaches the P-site tRNA peptide to the amino acid of the A-site tRNA.B. P-site tRNA bears the incoming amino acid. The A-site tRNA carries the growing peptide chain. Peptide bond formation attaches the A-site tRNA peptide to the amino acid of the P-site tRNA.C. E-site tRNA bears the incoming amino acid. The P-site tRNA carries the growing peptide chain. Peptide bond formation attaches the E-site tRNA amino acid to the peptide of the P-site tRNA.D. A-site tRNA bears the incoming amino acid. The P-site tRNA carries the growing peptide chain. Peptide bond formation attaches the A-site tRNA amino acid to the peptide of the P-site tRNAE. P-site tRNA bears the incoming amino acid. The A-site tRNA carries the growing peptide chain. Peptide bond formation attaches the P-site tRNA amino acid to the peptide of the A-site tRNA.

Which of the following statements about the genetic code are most accurate? Select all that apply. A) Three initiation codons set the three possible reading frames.B) The promoter sets the reading frame. C) The genetic code is generally overlapping.D) The genetic code is generally non-overlappingE) An initiation codon sets the reading frame

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code? A. Degenerate B. Triplet C. Non-overlapping D. Each codon represents a different amino acid 

Synonymous codons (those that code for the same amino acid) typically only differ in the base at position ________.

(T or F) AUG is the "start" codon in protein translation. 

Below is a partial DNA sequence used to answer the following questions.5' - TATGCAGCACATT - 3'3' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 5'Part A. If transcription occurred from left to right, which strand is the template strand?a) 3' - TATGCAGCACATT - 5'b) 5' - TATGCAGCACATT - 3'c) 5' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 3'd) 3' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 5'Part B. If transcription occurred from left to right, what RNA sequence would be produced?a) 5' - TATGCAGCACATT - 3'b) 3' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 5'c) 5' - AUGCAGCACAUU - 3'd) 5' - UAUGCAGCACAUU - 3'e) 3' - AUACGUCGUGUAA - 5'Part C. If transcription occurred from left to right, what is the second amino acid in the growing polypeptide chain?a) Alab) Glnc) Cysd) ValPart D. If transcription occurred from right to left, which strand is the template strand?a) 3' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 5'b) 5' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 3'c) 5' - TATGCAGCACATT - 3'd) 3' - TATGCAGCACATT - 5'Part E. If transcription occurred from right to left, what RNA sequence would be produced?a) 5' - AUGCAGCACAUU - 3'b) 3' - AUACGUCGUGUAA - 5'c) 5' - UAUGCAGCACAUU - 3'd) 3' - ATACGTCGTGTAA - 5'e) 5' - TATGCAGCACATT - 3'Part F. If transcription occurred from right to left, what is the second amino acid in the growing polypeptide chain?a) Glnb) Valc) Alad) Cys

Microbiologists describe the processes of transcription and translation as “coupled” in bacterial cells. This term indicates that a bacterial mRNA can be undergoing transcription at the same time that it also is undergoing translation.a. How is coupling of transcription and translation possible in bacteria?b. Is coupling of transcription and translation possible in single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast? Why or why not?

If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase added the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, what would happen?A. The tRNA would associate with the wrong codon, and the wrong amino acid would be incorporate into the growing peptide.B. The ribosome would not be able to recognize the start codon, and translation would not be initiated.C. The tRNA could not bind to the ribosome, and no amino acid would be added to the growing peptide.D. The tRNA would carry the wrong amino acid, and it would be incorporated into the growing protein.E. The ribosome would not be able to recognize the stop codon, and translation would continue to occur when it should have been terminated.

What stimulates the ribosome to move down one codon?A. A stop codon entering the A siteB. The hydrolysis of ATPC. A new tRNA entering the A siteD. The formation of a bond between the peptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A siteE. The release of a tRNA from the E site

Which of the following images properly labels the components of the ribosome and tRNA?

Label the elements of prokaryotic translation in the appropriate locations in the figure below.

Examine the following double-stranded DNA sequence that encodes the beginning of a protein: A-T-G-T-G-G-C-C-A-C-T-A-T-A-A-T-G-A T-A-C-A-C-C-G-G-T-G-A-T-A-T-T-A-C-T Which strand is the coding strand, and where is the information for the N-terminal end of the resulting peptide located? A. The top strand is the coding strand, and the N-terminus is on the right.B. The top strand is the coding strand, and the N-terminus is on the left.C. The bottom strand is the coding strand, and the N-terminus is on the right D. The bottom strand is the coding strand, and the N-terminus is on the left. 

The bacterial transfer-messenger RNA system _____.A) directly targets the mRNA with a stalled ribosome for degradation B) restores normal translation of the gene by a stalled robosomeC) generates truncated proteinsD) mediates the interaction of tRNAs with mRNAE) removes stalled ribosomes in bacteria

The termination of translation requires which of the following? Select all that apply. A) terminator tRNAB) E site of the ribosomal complex C) GTPD) stop codon on the mRNAE) release factors