Periodic Properties of the Elements The atom represents the smallest indivisible part of matter, but its scientific foundations and theories are as expansive as a galaxy. Within a given atom we have our subatomic particles and the smallest ones called Read more…
Understanding Solubility The solubility of a compound represents the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given solvent. Soluble means that the compound is aqueous, breaks up into ions and can be classified as an electrolyte because it Read more…
Meet Clutch Prep’s 2018 Engineering Scholarship recipient, Alec Jobbins! He’s a third-year Engineering student at Berkley College and we want to share his story with you!
Condensation reactions are reactions in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule such as H2O as a byproduct. They typically form a new carbon-carbon bond and result from a nucleophilic enolate and an electrophilic Read more…
pKa and Acidity The acidity of a compound can be determined by examining its structure, the stability of its conjugate base or by simply looking at its pKa value. The stronger the acid then the lower its pKa value. Given Read more…
Formal Charge The formal charge of an element is based on its bonding behavior within a given compound. The most common formal charges observed are -1, 0 and +1. When all the formal charges in a given compound are added Read more…
Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition because of the presence of their carbonyl groups. The general mechanism involves the carbonyl carbon being attacked by an incoming nucleophile and the carbonyl oxygen undergoing some type of protonation. Read more…
If you’ve ever been in a car, train, plane or even ridden a motorcycle then you have a shared history with benzene. Besides being one of the simplest aromatic compounds in organic chemistry, benzene represents the nature part of many Read more…
If you enjoyed our alkene reactions then you’re in luck with our new formula sheet for alkyne reactions. Like the alkenes, the alkynes play a role in everyday industries and jobs. For example, the simplest known as ethyne is the Read more…
So you’ve finally started your exploration into the wonderful world of alkenes. Over time you’ll hopefully realize that they not only form an important topic within your organic chemistry course, but in numerous places of your everyday life. For example, Read more…