Life: The Science of Biology Sadava • 12th Edition • 978-1319017644

Ch. 1 - Studying Life

Introduction to Biology Characteristics of Life Life's Organizational Hierarchy Natural Selection and Evolution Introduction to Taxonomy Scientific Method Experimental Design

Ch. 2 - Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Isotopes Introduction to Chemical Bonding Covalent Bonds Noncovalent Bonds Ionic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Introduction to Water Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion Properties of Water- Density Properties of Water- Thermal Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent Acids and Bases pH Scale

Ch. 3 - Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Carbon Functional Groups Introduction to Biomolecules Monomers & Polymers Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

Ch. 4 - Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Nucleic Acids

Ch. 5 - Cells: The Working Units of Life

Microscopes Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles Mitochondria & Chloroplasts Endosymbiotic Theory Introduction to the Cytoskeleton Cell Junctions

Ch. 6 - Cell Membranes

Biological Membranes Types of Membrane Proteins Concentration Gradients and Diffusion Introduction to Membrane Transport Passive vs. Active Transport Osmosis Simple and Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Ch. 7 - Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Introduction to Cell Signaling Classes of Signaling Receptors Types of Cell Signaling Signal Amplification

Ch. 8 - Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Introduction to Energy Laws of Thermodynamics Chemical Reactions ATP Enzymes Enzyme Activation Energy Enzyme Binding Factors Enzyme Inhibition Introduction to Metabolism Negative & Positive Feedback

Ch .9 - Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy

Redox Reactions Introduction to Cellular Respiration Types of Phosphorylation Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight

Introduction to Photosynthesis Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy Electromagnetic Spectrum Pigments of Photosynthesis Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions of Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle Photorespiration C3, C4 & CAM Plants Review of Photosynthesis

Ch. 11 - The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Introduction to Cell Division Organization of DNA in the Cell Introduction to the Cell Cycle Interphase Phases of Mitosis Cytokinesis Cell Cycle Regulation Review of the Cell Cycle Cancer Genes & Alleles Homologous Chromosomes Life Cycle of Sexual Reproducers Introduction to Meiosis Meiosis I Meiosis II Genetic Variation During Meiosis Mitosis & Meiosis Review

Ch. 12 - Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Introduction to Mendel's Experiments Genotype vs. Phenotype Punnett Squares Mendel's Experiments Mendel's Laws Monohybrid Crosses Test Crosses Dihybrid Crosses Punnett Square Probability Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance Epistasis Non-Mendelian Genetics Pedigrees Autosomal Inheritance Sex-Linked Inheritance X-Inactivation

Ch. 13 - DNA and its Role in Heredity

The Griffith Experiment The Hershey-Chase Experiment Chargaff's Rules Discovering the Structure of DNA Meselson-Stahl Experiment Introduction to DNA Replication DNA Polymerases Leading & Lagging DNA Strands Steps of DNA Replication DNA Repair Telomeres

Ch. 14 - From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression

Central Dogma Introduction to Transcription Steps of Transcription Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing Introduction to Types of RNA Genetic Code Introduction to Translation Steps of Translation Post-Translational Modification Review of Transcription vs. Translation

Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Mutations

Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression

Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons The Lac Operon Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon The Trp Operon Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation

Ch. 17 - Genomes

Genomes

Ch. 18 - Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

Introduction to DNA-Based Technology Introduction to DNA Cloning Steps to DNA Cloning Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction The Steps of PCR Gel Electrophoresis Southern Blotting DNA Fingerprinting Introduction to DNA Sequencing Dideoxy Sequencing

Ch. 19 - Processes of Evoluton

Descent with Modification Hardy-Weinberg Model

Ch. 20 - Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Phylogeny

Ch. 21 - Evolution of Genes and Genomes

Developmental Biology Genetic Variation

Ch. 22 - Speciation

Species

Ch. 23 - The History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth

Ch. 24 - Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Prokaryote Cell Structures Prokaryote Reproduction and Gene Exchange Prokaryote Metabolism and Ecology Prokaryote Lineages Viruses

Ch. 25 - The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Protist Cells Protist Life Cycles Protist Lineages

Ch. 26 - Plants without Seeds: From Water to Land

Land Plants Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants

Ch. 27 - The Evolution of Seed Plants

Seed Plants

Ch. 28 - The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Fungi Fungi Reproduction

Ch. 29 - Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Overview of Animals

Ch. 30 - Protostome Animals

Porifera and Cnideria Lophotrochozoans Ecdysozoans

Ch. 31 - Deuterostome Animals

Echinoderms Chordates Aminotes Primates and Homonids

Ch. 32 - The Plant Body

Roots and Shoots Tissues Growth

Ch. 33 - Transport in Plants

Water Potential

Ch. 34 - Plant Nutrition

Soil and Nutrients Nitrogen Fixation

Ch. 35 - Regulation of Plant Growth

Phototropism Tropisms and Hormones

Ch. 36 - Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flowers Seeds

Ch. 37 - Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Plant Defenses

Ch. 38 - Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Tissues Thermoregulation

Ch. 39 - Animal Hormones

Endocrine System Blood Sugar Homeostasis

Ch. 40 - Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Immune System Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity

Ch. 41 - Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction

Ch. 42 - Animal Development

Developmental Biology Animal Development

Ch. 43 - Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Neurons and Action Potentials

Ch. 44 - Sensory Systems

Sensory System

Ch. 45 - The Mammalian Nervous System

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Ch. 46 - Musculoskeletal Systems

Musculoskeletal System

Ch. 47 - Gas Exchange

Respiratory System Gas Exchange

Ch. 48 - Circulatory Systems

Circulatory System

Ch. 49 - Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Digestion

Ch. 50 - Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Ch. 51 - Animal Behavior

Animal Behavior

Ch. 52 - The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Ecology

Ch. 53 - Populations

Population Ecology

Ch. 54 - Species Interactions

Community Interactions

Ch. 55 - Communities

Community Structure

Ch. 56 - Ecosystems

Ecosystems

Ch. 57 - A Changing Biosphere

Conservation Biology