Digestion

The process of obtaining food is known as ________ and requires specialized feeding mechanisms. a. ingestion b. digestion c. absorption d. excretion

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________. a. excludes the need for extracellular digestion b. allows for specialized regions with specialized functions c. allows extensive branching d. facilitates intracellular digestion

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________. a. dehydration synthesis b. enzymatic hydrolysis c. regurgitation d. demineralization

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________. a. ingestion b. digestion c. hydrolysis d. absorption

Mechanical digestion, the process of breaking down large chunks of food into smaller pieces, is important because smaller pieces of food ________. a. do not taste as good as larger pieces of food b. have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food c. are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food d. are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________. a. secretion b. absorption c. filtration d. temperature regulation

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________. a. carnivores b. herbivores c. autotrophs d. omnivores

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function? a. stomach—protein digestion b. large intestine—bile production c. small intestine—nutrient absorption d. pancreas—enzyme production

Which of the following statements regarding digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is true?a. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.b. Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme, amylase.c. Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose and fructose, which can be absorbed.d. Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.e. Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.