General, Organic, and Biochemistry Denniston, Topping, Dorr • 9th Edition • 978-0078021541

Ch. 16 - Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides Monosaccharide Configurations Cyclic Monosaccharides Hemiacetal vs. Hemiketal Anomer Mutarotation Pyranose Conformations Common Monosaccharides Derivatives of Monosaccharides Reducing Sugars Reducing Sugars Tests Glycosidic Bond Disaccharides Glycoconjugates Polysaccharide Cellulose Chitin Peptidoglycan Starch Glycogen Lectins

Ch. 17 - Lipids and Their Functions in Biological Systems

Lipids Fatty Acids Fatty Acid Nomenclature Omega-3 Fatty Acids Triacylglycerols Glycerophospholipids Sphingolipids Sphingophospholipids Sphingoglycolipids Sphingolipid Recap Waxes Eicosanoids Isoprenoids Steroids Steroid Hormones Lipid Vitamins Comprehensive Final Lipid Map Biological Membranes Physical Properties of Biological Membranes Types of Membrane Proteins Integral Membrane Proteins Peripheral Membrane Proteins Lipid-Linked Membrane Proteins

Ch. 18 - Protein Structure and Function

Peptide Bond Primary Structure of Protein Altering Primary Protein Structure Drawing a Peptide Determining Net Charge of a Peptide Isoelectric Point of a Peptide Approximating Protein Mass Peptide Group Ramachandran Plot Atypical Ramachandran Plots Alpha Helix Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise Alpha Helix Hydrogen Bonding Alpha Helix Disruption Beta Strand Beta Sheet Antiparallel and Parallel Beta Sheets Beta Turns Tertiary Structure of Protein Protein Motifs and Domains Denaturation Anfinsen Experiment Protein Folding Chaperone Proteins Prions Quaternary Structure Simple Vs. Conjugated Proteins Fibrous and Globular Proteins

Ch. 19 - Enzymes

Enzymes Enzyme-Substrate Complex Lock and Key Vs. Induced Fit Models Optimal Enzyme Conditions Activation Energy Types of Enzymes Cofactor Catalysis Electrostatic and Metal Ion Catalysis Covalent Catalysis Reaction Rate Enzyme Kinetics Rate Constants and Rate Law Reaction Orders Rate Constant Units Initial Velocity Vmax Enzyme Km Enzyme Steady-State Conditions Michaelis-Menten Assumptions Michaelis-Menten Equation Lineweaver-Burk Plot Michaelis-Menten vs. Lineweaver-Burk Plots Shifting Lineweaver-Burk Plots Calculating Vmax Calculating Km Kcat Specificity Constant Enzyme Inhibition Irreversible Inhibition Reversible Inhibition Inhibition Constant Degree of Inhibition Apparent Km and Vmax Inhibition Effects on Reaction Rate Competitive Inhibition Uncompetitive Inhibition Mixed Inhibition Noncompetitive Inhibition Recap of Reversible Inhibition Allosteric Regulation Allosteric Kinetics Allosteric Enzyme Conformations Allosteric Effectors Concerted (MWC) Model Sequential (KNF) Model Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Post Translational Modification Ubiquitination Phosphorylation Zymogens

Ch. 21 - Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis 1 Glycolysis 2 Glycolysis 3 Glycolysis 4 Fermentation Gluconeogenesis 1 Gluconeogenesis 2 Pentose Phosphate Pathway Practice - Biosignaling Practice - Bioenergetics 1 Practice - Bioenergetics 2 Practice - Glycolysis 1 Practice - Glycolysis 2 Practice - Gluconeogenesis Practice - Pentose Phosphate Path

Ch. 22 - Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cycle 1 Citric Acid Cycle 2 Citric Acid Cycle 3 Citric Acid Cycle 4 Metabolic Regulation 1 Metabolic Regulation 2 Glycogen Metabolism 1 Glycogen Metabolism 2

Ch. 23 - Fatty Acid Metabolism

Fatty Acid Oxidation 1 Fatty Acid Oxidation 2 Citric Acid Cycle Practice 1 Citric Acid Cycle Practice 2 Citric Acid Cycle Practice 3 Glucose and Glycogen Regulation Practice 1 Glucose and Glycogen Regulation Practice 2 Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 1 Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 2